1798 BUTTERFLIES BEYOND NEW ENGLAND. 



extended on a leaf. From this we may infer that its object in rolling the 

 leaves is to shield itself from the rays of the hot August and September sun , 

 for the plant invariably grows on high, naked prairies." (Amer. ent., 

 ii: 121-122.) 



" During the heat of the day it remains concealed, but towards evening 

 comes out to feed, though sometimes it feeds upon its own house, eating 

 the leaf halfway down from base to point, then abandoning it and rolling 

 up a new one. When placed in a cool, shaded room, the larvae seldom 

 rolled up leaves, but fed at random over the plant, and when at rest simply 

 lay extended on the leaves. Many, though not all, of the rolled leaves that 

 I cut open, were completely lined with a closely woven coating of strong, 

 white silk. . . . When ready to transform, it spins a button of white silk on 

 the under side of a leaf or branch, and, fastening the anal legs therein, 

 doubles upon itself until the extremities meet. In this position it remains 

 about twenty-four liours, when it suddenly' tiu'ows off its larval skin and be- 

 comes a chrysalis. Some of my clnysalids were eighteen and twenty days 

 before the butterfly emerged." (Edwards, Butt. N. A.) 



The insect lives nearly a month in the caterpillar stage, the chrysalis 

 state appears to vary from nine to twenty days, and according to Rowley 

 the pupa is often found attached to a branch of the food plant. 



TRIBE ARGYNNIDI. 



SEMNOPSYCHE SCUDDER. 



Semnopsyche Scudd., Bull. Buff. soc. nat. sc, ii : 258 (1875). Argyimis pars Auctoru m. 



Imago. Head large. Front more protuberant than in Speyeria but otherwise raucli 

 as there, as is also the vertex, which is slightly less developed. Eyes very large and 

 prominent, naked. Antennae inserted in deep pits, separated by the width of the third 

 joint, considerably longer than the abdomen, composed of flfty-four joints, of which 

 twelve or thirteen form the club, which is depressed cylindrical, fusiform-oval, a little 

 more than twice as long as broad, nearly four times as broad as the stalk, the apex 

 rounded, but the extreme tip produced to a point by the last joint ; the broadest joint 

 in the middle is about five times as broad as long and the longest joint of the stalk 

 about three times longer than broad. Palpi moderate with a heavy, moderately brief 

 and close, inferior fringe; joints much as in Speyeria. 



Fore wings ample, the costal margin arched more even than in Speyeria, the apex 

 very regularly rounded, the outer margin distinctly though slightly excised in the 

 male. Second inferior subcostal nervule arising from the first inferior (where it 

 forms the upper half of the closure of the cell) at its extreme base, without leaving a 

 short pedicel before it as in Argynnis and Speyeria; last median nervule not so con- 

 spicuously arcuate as in Speyeria. Hind wings with the oblique excision of the anal 

 angle more pronounced than in Speyeria by the considerable shortening of the internal 

 nervure. The neuration otherwise much as in Speyeria, but with less abruptly bent 

 curves. , 



Fore legs slender, the tibia about two-flfths the length of the hind tibia, the tarsi of 

 the male consisting of a long, tapering member as long as the tibia and with two brief 

 joints faintly marked off at the apex. Hind tarsi considerably longer than the tibiae, 



