1812 BUTTERFLIES. BEYOND NEW ENGLAND. 



Thorax rather slender; mesoscutellum angulate in front, entering the posterior 

 face of the mesoscutum but little, never acutely ; posterior margin paraboloid ; meta- 

 scuta and metascutellum as in Euploeinae. 



Fore wings greatly elongated, rarely as little as twice as long as broad, the costal 

 margin always pretty strongly arched. Costal nervure generally terminating near the 

 middle of the outer half of the wing ; generally one and only one of the four superior 

 subcostal nervures emitted before the end of the cell ; the latter is generally more than 

 half as long as the wing, completely closed, the lower closing vein sometimes weak. 



Hind wings always rounded, usually laterally elongate but sometimes normal, always 

 entire. Neuration very variable, the costal usually running free to the outer angle, 

 sometimes confluent with the subcostal for the greater part of its course, and running 

 only half way to the angle; cell generally much elongated, generally closed; precostal 

 recurved. 



Legs very long and slender, the fore legs much atrophied, especially in the $ , where 

 the tarsus consists of a single unarmed joint; in the female, though divided, it is un- 

 provided with armature. 



Abdomen generally attenuated, expanding apically in the male to give place to the 

 large, papilioniforra, tumid and rather simple clasps which are the most conspicuous 

 feature of the appendages. 



Egg. Tall, nearly equal through the greatest part of its height, with gently convex 

 sides and subconoidal summit, with a moderate number of vertical ribs connected by 

 nearly as prominent, subcontinuous, cross lines, so as to form quadrangular cells not 

 more than two or tliree times broader than high. 



Caterpillar at birth. Head rounded and smooth with scattered long hairs. Body 

 cylindrical with high and large papillae, bearing long and slender bristles, apically 

 flaring, and arranged on either side, at least those above the spiracles, in two princi- 

 pal rows in the middle of the segments, besides a row, between the others, of mi- 

 nute, bristle bearing papillae next the hinder edge of the segments. 



Mature caterpillar. Head smooth, excepting for a single coronal spine on each 

 hemisphere lilie those of the body. Body slender, cylindrical, somewhat moniliform, 

 ■with several rows of excessively long, aculiform, and delicately and distantly spinige- 

 rous spines near the middle of the segments, only the uppermost row continuing uni- 

 formly upon the thoracic segments. 



Chrysalis. Of very bizarre appearance, with protuberant, apically very arcuate 

 wing-cases, more or less strongly produced and always appressed ocellar tuber- 

 cles, a very deep and broad hollowing of the dorsum next the base of the abdo- 

 men, with a corresponding elevation of the mesonotum and third abdominal segment. 

 Many tubercles, particularly upon the abdomen, may add mucli by their irregular 

 development to the striking nature of the creature, which is still further increased 

 by great variegation in the coloring. 



This is one of the most interesting of all the subfamilies of butterflies, 

 partly from its distribution, for though well endowed with representatives it 

 is confined to the New World, and mostly to the tropics, but also because 

 its members are often the subject of mimicry by other butterflies. For 

 without exception, I believe, every one of its members which has been 

 tested in life has been found to be the possessor of odors so evil that 

 they can be detected by the unskilled human nose, and since the butterflies 

 are all of lively color, presenting exceptionally striking contrasts, it has 

 been well argued that these are warning colors which signify their dis- 

 tasteful qualities ; or it may be that in view of their qualities, the possi- 

 bilities of colorational design and magnificence have had fullest play. 

 The most interesting paper upon this group is that by Bates on the spe- 



