PAPILIOXIDAE: PAPILIONINAE. 1853 



oblique, black stripes, ■which nearly meet at top ; two others on the sides, ami between 

 the front and side stripes at base is a short, narrow stripe; on lower front face a 

 rounded, black spot: the retractile horns bright yellow. Body cylindrical, slender, 

 thickest at last two thoracic segments, tapering slightly from last thoracic to last ab- 

 dominal segments, and rapidly toward the head; the surface smooth, the tubercles of 

 previous stages being suppressed, except those of the two dorsal rows which are re- 

 duced and scarcely elevated, and under the glass are seen to have a pencil of very short 

 hairs each ; when at rest the anterior segments are contracted and arclied ; the middle of 

 each, from the first thoracic to tlie eighth abdominal, crossed by a black stripe or nar- 

 row band, broken on the middle of side after the first abdominal segment ; from the last 

 thoracic segment, divided a second time near its extremity, a triangular section being 

 cut oft' on the posterior side; on the ninth abdominal segment the band is divided into 

 three spots, the central or dorsal one being rounded ; behind these are two subdorsal, 

 round spots, and on either side a long, oblique mark; the anal shield black; there is 

 also a black stripe between each pair of segments, broadest on dorsum and diminishing 

 to the middle of the side where it disappears ; these are scarcely visible, except when 

 the larva is in motion ; there is also a line of small, black spots along base of body, 

 one on each segment from the first thoracic to the second abdominal, and on the 

 seventh to ninth abdominal, two on the third to sixth abdominal, and there is a 

 spot over each leg and proleg; on each side are three rows of chrome-yellow spots, 

 those of the two subdorsal rows being ronnd and placed just within the tubercles, and 

 on the front edges of the bands ; so the spots of the other rows on the second and 

 third thoracic and first abdominal segments are on the fronts of the bands ; but after 

 this they divide them, the middle row being round, the lower row straight and oblique, 

 filling the space between the band and triangle ; legs tipped black ; color of body 

 bright pea-green, changing to yellow green on the sides; or a creamy white, tinted 

 dorsally with delicate green, fading into white on the sides. Length, 38 mm. 



Another larva at maturity was black, with white lines between the segments, and 

 pale green between some of them, especially the anterior ones and the last two ; much 

 white along base of body. 



Chrysalis. Cylindrical, thickest in middle; the surface rough, corrugated; head 

 case produced, ending in two subtriangular processes, the space between them concave ; 

 mesonotum prominent, pointed forward, subpyramidal ; color green, on dorsum yel- 

 lowish, on ventral side pale; the wing cases dark; on abdomen two subdorsal rows of 

 small, rounded tubercles. Length, 25.4 mm. ; greatest breadth, 7.6 mm. 



This butterfly has a narrow and peculiar range, which shows it to have 

 been an offshoot from the ancestors of P. polyxenes at no very distant 

 epoch. It is known only from Newfoundland and the shores and islands 

 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, both north and south, as at Godbout and 

 Perce. 



It is single brooded and winters in the chrysalis. The butterfly flies in 

 June and the first half of July, and is most abundant in the latter half of 

 June ; eggs have been obtained from June 14 for a month, but their period 

 has not been stated ; the caterpillars grow rapidly for so high a latitude, 

 and begin to go into chrysalis toward the end of the first week in August ; 

 carried south some chrysalids gave out the butterfly the same year, one in 

 eighteen days. 



The eggs, according to Couper, are laid singly on the upper surface 

 of a leaf, near the edge. The caterpillars feed on Archangelica gmelini, 

 Heracleum lanatum, parsley, Apium petroselinum, and doubtless other 

 Umbelliferae ; when young they feed on the upper cuticle, and on cold 



