EXPLANATION OF PLATE 81. 



Nests and Webs of Caterpillars— Nymphalidae. 



Printed on stone l)y B. Meisel. Figs. 1-3 and 5-8 are by S 

 are of natural size. 



H. Scudder, and ligs. 4, 9-11 by J. H. Einertou. All 



1. Euvanessa antiopa. Showing the web left on 

 a despoiled twig of elm by the repeated marchings 

 of a colony. 



2. Vanessa atalanta. The drooping sewn leaf 

 of a nettle inhabited by the half grown caterpillar, 

 open at the bottom. 



3. Aglais milberti. A nest from a nettle leaf 

 opened, to show the manner in which the base is 

 cut before drawing the sides together. 



4. Aglais milberti. Nest of a nettle leaf, seen 

 from the side. 



5. Basilarchia arthemis. The hibernaculum 

 formed of a leaf of the cherry birch (the lower 

 leaf of the twig) , showing its resemblance to the 

 young springing leaf (in the middle), and the 

 bursting bud (at the top) of the same twig. 



6. Vanessa atalanta. Base of a nettle leaf 

 which has served as a nest, to show the way in 



whicli it has been eaten at the base, to permit its 

 readier bending. 



7. Basilarchia archippus. Manner in which the 

 tip of a willow leaf is eaten by the young caterpil- 

 lar. 



8. Basilarchia archippus. Another leaf, simi- 

 larly eaten , with the caterpillar on its perch. The 

 bundle of frass is not shown. 



9. Polygonia comma. Concealment of the larva 

 under an elm-leaf, the edges of which, having been 

 deeply cut on either side near the base, are caught 

 together beneath by a few stitches. 



10. Vanessa cardui. Nest in a group of thistle 

 leaves. 



U. Vanessa huntera. Close nest formed of a 

 mass of petals of Gnaphalium entangled in web. 

 See also PI. 83, fig. 63. 



