EXPLANATION OF PLATE 86. 

 Anatomical details of early stages, mostly external. 



Lithography bv B. Meisel. Figs. 2-1.3, 18, 19, 31, 33-39, 42, 44, 53. .57. 60, 68, 81, 83 and 84 were drawn liy Henri 

 Metz"-er: figs. 1." 14-17. 26, 27, .32, 40, 41, 43, 45-47, 52, 54-56, 58, .50, 66, 67, 69-80 and 82 Ijy S. H. .Scudder; figs. 20-25, 

 28-30, 61-65 by J. H. Eiuerton ; and fl,'S. 48-51 by Mrs. Mary Peart, lent by \Y. H. Edwards, Esq. Figs. 2-12 are 

 copied from Newport, Phil, trans., 1834, pi. 15-16, reduced considerably. 



1. Anosia plexippus. Main nervous system of 

 the larva. 



2. Af/lais urtirae of Europe. Main nervous sys- 

 tem of the full grown larva. 



3. The same, half an hour before changing to a 

 pupa. 



4. The same, immediately after becoming a pupa. 



5. The same, one hour after changing. 



6. The same, seven liours after changing. 



7. The same, twelve hours after changing. 



8. The same, eighteen liours after clianging. 



9. The same, twenty-four liours after changing. 



10. The same, thirty-six hours after changing. 



11. Tlie same, forty-eight hours after ch.anging. 



12. The same, flfty-eigiit hours after clianging. 



13. Eurymns philodice. Under surface of last 

 abdominal segment of larva. 



14. Rusticus scudderii. Extensile organ on the 

 sides of the eiirhth abdominal segment of the larva. 



15. The same. Dermal appendage of the pupa. 



16. The same. Dermal appendaffe of the pupa. 



17. Anosia plexippus. Dorsal vessel in the pos- 

 terior half of the pupa. The figures indicate the 

 abdominal segments, the limits of which are marked 

 by the tlotted lines. 



18. Oeneis semidea. Under surf. ace of binder end 

 of pupa, to show the absence of cremastral hooks. 



19. Satyrodes eurydice. Side view of head of 

 larva. 



20. Euphoeades troilus. Some facets of the eye 

 of imago, about ^f. 



21. The same. The eye of the imago Y- 



22. The same. Some half formed facets of the 

 pupal eye, about ^^. 



23. The s.avne. Ocellar ribbon of the pupa V- 



24. The same. Ocelli of the larva V- 



25. The same. One ocellus of same, about ^. 



26. Epargyreus titynts. Shrouds made by the 

 larva for attachment of the cremastral hooks of the 

 pupa, about f . 



27. TTterla liparops. Proleg of larva as seen 

 from above. 



28. Thanaos lucilius. Egg showing the first at- 

 tack on the shell by the enclosed larva. 



29. The same, fifteen hours later. 



30. The same, two hours still later, showing the 

 mandibles at work. 



31. Pieris rapae. Prolegs of larva as seen from 

 beneath. 



32. Pieris oleracea. Mandible of caterpillar at 

 birth. 



33. Heodes hypophlaeas. Dermal appendage of 

 chrysalis. 



34,35. Euphoeades troihis. Variations in the struc- 

 ture of the ocellar tubercles of the pupa. 



36. Pieris rapae. Side view of head and first 

 segment of the thorax of the caterpillar, to show 

 the glandular swelling on untler surface of latter. 



37. Anosia plexippus. Side view of head of larva. 

 88. Satyrodes eurydice. Dermal appendage of 



caterpillar at birth. 



39. C'ereyonis alope. Dermal appendage of cater- 

 pillar at birth. 



40. Cissia eurytus. Dsrmal appendage of cater- 

 pillar at birth. 



41. The same. Appendage in second stage. 



42. Eurymus philodice. Dermal appendage of 

 caterpillar at birth. 



43. Pieris rapae. Dermal appendage of cater- 

 pillar at birth. 



44. Pieris oleracea. Dermal appendage of cater- 

 pillar at birth. 



45. Tfujryhes pylades. Dermal appendage of cat- 

 erpillar at birth. 



40,47. Thanaos lucilius. Dermal appendages of 

 caterpillar at birth. 



48-51. Thanaos juvenalis. Dermal appendages 

 of caterpillar at birtli. 



52. Limochores manataaqua. Dermal appendage 

 of caterpillar at birth. 



53. Limochores laumas. Dermal appendage of 

 caterpill.ar at birth. 



54. Cinrlidia harrisii. Dermal appendage of cat- 

 erpillar at birth. 



55. The same. Appendage in third stage. 



56. The same. Appendage in fourth stage. 



57. The same. Appendage in fifth stage. 



58. Basilarchia archippus. Dermal appendage of 

 caterpillar at birth. 



59. The same. Appendage in second stage. 



60. Basilarchia ustyanax. Dermal appendage of 

 last stage of larva. 



CI. Vanessa atalanta. Dermal appendage of first 

 stage of larva. 



62. The same. Appendage in second stage. 



63. The same. Appendage in third stage. 



64. The same. Appendage in fourth stage. 



65. The same. Appendage in fifth stage. 



66. Aglaismilberti. Dermal appendage of fourth 

 stage of larva. 



67. Folyfjonia comma. Dermal appendage of first 

 stage of larva. 



68. Polygonia progne. Dermal appendage of last 

 stage of larva. 



69. Vanessa cardui. Dermal appendage of first 

 stage of larva. 



70. The same. Appendage in second stage. 



71. The same. Appendage in third stage. 



72. The same. Appendage in fourth stage. 



73. The same. Appendage in fifth stage. 



74. Euphoeades troilus j-. Malformed pupa still 

 carrying part of the larval head, seen from the 

 riglit side; r. ft., right hemisphere of larval head; 

 I. h., left hemisphere of same; op., ocellar promi- 

 nence of chrysalis; s., prothoracic skin. 



75. The same, seen from the left side. 



76. Head of the last, a little enlarged; o.p-. 

 ocellar prominence of chrysalis ; m. mandibles of 

 larva; I., labium of same. 



77. The same; dorsal view, showing larval head 

 on left, ocellar tubercle on right. 



78. The same, seen from one side in front and 

 fore-shortened {. 



79. The same as the next, enlarged. 



80. The anterior extremity of fig. 78, enlarged. 



8 1 . Brenthis myrina. Dermal appendage of full 

 grown larva. 



82. Piihjgonia faunus. Dermal appendage of full 

 grown larva. 



83. Euvanessa antinpa. Dermal appendage of 

 fourth stage of larva. 



84. The same. Appendage of full grown lan-a. 



