558 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. [aPP. N" X. 



No. 



casks. When this pump ceases to act, on 

 the water being nearly withdrawn, what 

 little remains is removed by means of a 

 swab. 



6. Bone hand-spike. II. 300. 



7. Ice-saw. The length of this saw, which is used 



for cutting ice, is 14 feet. Being too long 

 to be represented wholly in the plate, a 

 part of the middle of the instrument is left 

 out. When used, two handles passing a- 

 cross each other, are put through the rings 

 at the top, by which 12 to 16 men can be 

 employed in working it at the same time. 

 When a great extent of thick ice is to be 

 cut, the larger saws are generally worked 

 by ropes from the top of a tripod. 



8. Another saw, with a moveable back, used 



for thinner ice. It is furnished with two 

 parallel handles. The two parts of the saw 

 being extended when in use, the back part 

 serves to keep the lower extremity forward, 

 and to preserve the saw in a perpendicular 

 position. 

 XXII. Apparatus for cutting blubber. 



1. Appearance of the cutting apparatus when 

 fitted up for use. II. 310. 



% Horizontal section of the same. II. 310. 



