BOVINiE 11 



c. Horns (when twisted) heteronymous. 



a. Horns in both sexes; relatively large in 



female. Tail generally short or 



rudimentary. Foot - glands and 



face-glands variable. Cheek-teeth 



caprine. Muzzle narrow, with 



large or small mufHe. Teats 



frequently 4. 



a'. Horns cylindrical (at least at tips), 



simply conical, sharply re-curved 



at tip, or bent downwards and 



outwards at base, and finally 



directed upw^ards Rupicaprince, p. 178. 



b". Horns depressed, fibrous, approxi- 

 mated on forehead. Tail rudi- 

 mentary Ovihovince, p. 221. 



KB. — The continuation of this "key" is reserved for the 



second volume. 



Subfamily i. — BOVINiE. 



Size usually large, body massive, limbs stout, and head 

 carried low. Tail long, generally with terminal tuft. 

 Muzzle large, broad, bare, moist, and undivided. No glands 

 on face, in the feet, or in groin. Teats 4. 



Horns homonymous (i.e. the right horn forming a 

 right-handed spiral), present in both sexes, those of female 

 relatively large; smooth or nearly so; inserted far apart on 

 or near the vertex of the skull, directed at first more or less 

 outwards, then curving upwards. Upper molars very 

 hypsodont, with broad prismatic crowns and an accessory 

 column between the two main columns on the inner side. 

 Yertebne* : c. 7, D. 13-14, L. 5-7, s. 4-5, ca. 15-18. 



In some extinct forms (subgenus Leptohos) the females 



are hornless. 



Genus BOS. 



Bos, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 71, 1758, ed. 12, vol. 1, p. 98, 



1766. 

 Taurus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 375, 1827. 

 Urus, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. iv, p. 417, 1827. 



Characters those of the subfamily. 



In regard to the limitations of the ^enus Dr. W. T. 

 Blanford t wrote as follows : — 



" By many modern writers the animals here referred to 



* c. = cervical ; d. = dorsal ; l. = lumbar ; s. = sacral ; ca. = caudal, 

 t Fauna of Brit. India, Mamm. p. 483. 



