CAPRINyE 73 



present or absent ; upper molars hypsodont, with narrow 



crowns and no distinct inner accessory column. Teats usually 



two. Muzzle hairy and vertically grooved. Tail usually 

 short, never tufted. 



Eestricted (in a wild state) to Europe, Asia, North Africa, 



and North America. The subfamily includes the following 

 generic groups : — 



A. Horns homonymous ; males inodorous ; teats 2. 



a. Tail short. 



a'. Face- and foot-glands present Ovis. 



h'. Face-glands absent, foot-glands rudimentary Pseudo'is. 



b. Tail longer; face- and foot-glands wanting Ammotragus. 



B. Horns usually heteronymous,* if homonymous, 



" perverted " ; males odorous ; no glands on face 



or in fore-feet. 



a. Horns large ; a beard ; teats 2 Cajjra. 



h. Horns small; no beard ; teats 4 or 2 Hemitragus. 



I. Genus OVIS. 



Ovis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 70, 1758, ed. 12, vol. i, p. 97, 1766 ; 



LifdeliTier, Wild Oxen, Sheej), and Goats, p. 149, 1898 ; Pocock, 



Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 859. 

 Caprovis, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, p. 702, 1847 ; 



Gray, Cat. TJngulata Brit. Mus. p. 171, 1852. 

 Musimon, Pallas, Sjjicil. Zool. vol. ii, fasc. 2, p. 1786 ; Gray, Knoivsley 



Menagerie, p. 36, 1850, Cat. TJngulata Brit. Mus. p. 172, 1852. 

 Musmon, Schrank, Fauna Boica, vol. i, p. 81, 1798. 

 Ammon, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Pliilom. 1816, p. 76. 

 Argali, Gray, Cat. TJngulata Brit. Mus. p. 174, 1852. 



Horns homonymous, in some instances with terminal 

 *' perversion," in wild species usually heavily wrinkled, and, 

 except when " perversion " is developed, curling forwards 

 by the sides of the face, or extending outwards in an open 

 spiral, those of females small and spear-like. Two teats f ; 

 tail short. Face-glands and foot-glands present. No beard ; 

 males not malodorous. Skull wedge-shaped, with facial 

 region sharply bent downwards, and upper surface flat or 

 slightly concave ; a lachrymal pit ; premaxilla not developed 

 into a wedge-shaped process between maxilla and nasal. 

 Vertebrae: c. 7, d. 13, L. 6, s. 4, ca. 7. 



* Not in most domesticated breeds, 

 t An extra pair occasionally developed. 



