162 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 505, 1891 ; Scully, Proc. Zool. Soc. 



1881, p. 209; Sclater, ihid. 1886, p. 317; W. L. Sclater, Cat. 



Mamm. Ind. Miis. pt. ii, p. 145, 1891 ; Ward, Becords of Big 



Game, p. 236, 1896, ed. 6, p. 360, 1910 ; LydekJcer, Wild Oxen, 



Sheep, and Goats, p. 286, pi. xxv, 1898, Game Animals of India, 



etc. p. 121, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest, Brit. Mus. p. 14, 1913 ; 



TrubecJioi, Prir. i. Ochota Moskva, vol. xxxviii, p. 40, 1910. 

 ^goceros falconer!, Wagner, ScJirehers Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, 



p. 499, 1844. 

 Hircus megaceros, Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 525. 

 Cax)ra megaceros, Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. p. 291, 1861 ; Kinloch, Large 



Game Shooting, pt. i, p. 37, 1869; Sterndale, Mamm. Ind. 



p. 441, 1884. 

 Hircus falconer!, Gray, Cat. Buminants Brit. Mus. p. 53, 1872, 



Hand-List Buminants Brit. Mus. p. 126, 1873. 

 Capra (Orthagoceros) falconer!, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. Suppl. 



p. 738, 1905. 



Markhor. 



Typical locality Astor. Type of Orthagoceros. 



All the forms of wild goats with horns twisted in screw- 

 like or corkscrew-like fashion are included under this specific 

 title ; the variation in the shape of the horns being taken for 

 the basis of division into local races, at least some of wliich 

 appear to intergrade. 



Size typically large (41 inches at shoulder), and build 

 heavy. Horns forming an upwardly directed, more or less 

 divergent, open heteronymous spiral ; situated close together 

 at base, compressed with a sharp keel in front, which sweeps 

 outwards at starting, and another behind. Beard very large 

 and profuse, extending backwards and downwards to form a 

 heavy fringe on throat and chest. Coat long and silky in 

 winter, with little or no under-fur. General colour (typically) 

 grey in winter, rich reddish brown in summer, but in old 

 males whitish ; under-parts lighter than back ; a dark stripe 

 on front of fore-legs from knees to fetlocks, and on 

 corresponding part of hind legs ; beard black in front, greyish 

 fawn behind ; tail dark brown. 



The five named races are chiefly distinguished by the 

 form of the horns, as described under their respective 

 headings. 



The distributional area extends from Bokhara through 

 Chitral, Gilgit, Afghanistan, Astor, etc., to the Western 

 Himalaya. 



