180 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



ridges on outer surface of upper premolars distinct, but 

 median rids^e obsolete. The distributional area includes the 

 mountains of southern Europe from the Asturias and 



Fig. 46. — Lower Incisors and Canines of Chamois 

 [Rujncapra riqncapra). 



From Miller's Cat. Mamm. West. Europe, p. 993. 



Pyrenees, through the Alps, Apennines, and Carpathians, to 

 the Caucasus, and thence to those of Asia Minor. 



EUPICAPEA KUPICAPEA. 



Capra rupicapra, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 68, 1758, ed. 12, 



vol. i, p. 95, 1766 ; var. a. sylvatica, var. b. alpina, Sundevall, 



K. Svensha Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 284, 1847. 

 Antilope rupicapra, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xi, p. 42, 1767-80. 

 Antilope (Rupicapra) rupicapra, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, 



p. 75 ; H. Smith, Grifltli's Anim. Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 281, 



vol. V, p. 353, 1827. 

 Rupicapra hamulicornis, Burnett, Quart. Journ. Sci. Lit. Art. 1829, 



pt. 2, p. 353. 

 Rupicapra tragus, Ch-ay, List Mamrn. Brit. Mus. p. 167, 1843, Cat. 



TJngulata Brit. Mus. p. 116, 1852, Cat. Btiminants Brit. Mus. 



p. 41, 1872, Hand-List Rmninants Brit. Mus. p. 112, 1873; 



Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 242, 1862; Flower 



and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. B. Coll. Surg., pt. ii, p. 256, 



1884 ; Floiuer and Lydehher, Study of Mammals, p. 349, 1891 ; 



LydeTiher, Game Animals of Eu7'ope, etc. p. 176, 1901 ; Ward, 



Becords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 337, 1910. 

 Rupicapra capella, Bonajyarte, Atti Biun. Sci. Ital. 1844, p. 337. 

 Capella rupicapra, Keyset-ling and Blasius, Wirheltk. Europ. p. iv, 



1840; Blasius, Sdugeth. Deutschl. -p. 488, 1857; Brehm, Tier- 



leben, ed. 3, Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 402, 1891. 

 Rupicapra europsea, Cornalia, Fauna Ital. p. 53, 1870. 

 Rupicapra dorcas, Schiclze, Ahh. u. Vortrdge Gesammth. Naturwiss. 



vol. iv. No. 10, p. 9, 1897. 

 Rupicapra rupicapra, Weber, Sdugetiere, p. 674, 1904 ; PococJc, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 848 ; Trouessart, Faune Mamm. Euroye, 



p. 235, 1910; Miller, Cat. Mamm. W. Europe Brit. Mus. p. 993, 



1912 



Chamois, Gems, or Izard. 



