196 THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. XXIV> 



The second moult, occurring a fortnight later, occasioned a 

 few slight alterations in colour. The line along spiracles 

 disappeared, and the subdorsal lines became greenish-yellow ; 

 whilst the head assumed a more yellowish tinge, with face claret- 

 coloured, and frontal margin of eyes white ; and the anal 

 segment was furnished with two short, pointed, fleshy appendages. 

 Length, 5 mm. 



On 6th November (about seven months after leaving the eggs) 

 the general colour of larvae was as follows :— Mottled-grey, with 

 darker well-marked dorsal line edged with lighter grey ; two 

 less defined dark-grey subdorsal lines with lighter grey between 

 them, and an interrupted dark-grey line along spiracles. First 

 and second thoracic and anal segments pale reddish-brown, the 

 latter terminating in two fleshy points. Ventral surface, light 

 greenish-yellow. Head, greyish brown, covered with tiny 

 tubercles; mandibles black and shining. Length, 17 mm. 



The larva attains its full size about the end of January, the 

 general colour undergoing little or no alteration, except that the 

 spiracular line is then visible only as a row of dots, and the first 

 and second thoracic and anal segments do not differ perceptibly 

 in colour from the rest of the body. The fully-grown larva is 

 onisiform in shape and 27 mm. long. 



Pupa. — The pupa is short, thick, and square-looking, with, 

 very large and prominent eyes, the abdomen being somewhat 

 compressed at its extremity, and terminating in a pointed hook, 

 tipped with a number of minute spines. Wings, head, and 

 thorax pale brownish-yellow, thickly scored with tiny detached 

 brown lines, arranged in a complicated pattern of curves and 

 streaks, and presenting an extremely beautiful appearance under 

 the microscope, when the whole surface is seen to be covered 

 with minute convolutions. The ventral surface is almost entirely 

 occupied by the wings, and is characterised by two (sometimes 

 six) conspicuous dark spots, placed one on each wing about the 

 middle of the pupa, and when six are present near the point of 

 the wings (the additional four occupying a position between the 

 legs, and being arranged somewhat in the form of a square). 

 Abdomen reddish-brown, thickly pitted with tiny spots of a 

 darker colour, which also appear on the thoracic area. 



Note. — The pointed hook at the end of the abdomen perhaps 

 serves to anchor the pupa shell whilst the imago is emerging from 

 it, and the minute spines at the point would doubtless aid in the 

 attachment by becoming entangled in the web of silk, probably 

 spun for this purpose. 



