THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. 53 



Vienna, where he met his countryman Clusius, or De I'EcUise, 

 the director of the Imperial Gardens. Afterwards he returned to 

 tlie Netherlands, where the abovenamed " Pemptades " were pub- 

 lished by the printer, Plantyin, of Antwerp. Another of his works, 

 entitled " Cru) deboeck," was translated into French and thence 

 into English. 



We will now turn to tlie first English botanist of note, viz., 

 William Turner. Up to his time a few works of foreign authors 

 had been translated mto Englisli, but they were of infinitely less 

 importance than Turner's book, entitled '' A New Herball, 

 wherein are contained the names of herbs in Greek, Latin, Eng- 

 lish, Dutch, French, and in the potecaries and herbaries Latin, 

 with the properties, degrees, and natural places of the same." The 

 first part a|)peared in London, 155 1 ; the second part in 1562, in 

 Cologne, whither he had gone to escape religious persecution 

 under Queen Mary; the third part in London, 1568. Turner's 

 book is extremely rare, so that Professor Meyer could not find a 

 copy in any of the libraries accessible to him. Sir James Smith, 

 in his celebrated " English Flora," quotes the work of Brunfels, 

 Fuchsias, Dodonaeus, Dalechamps, Matthiolus, Clusius, Lobelius, 

 and other old authors, but I do not find Turner's name in connec- 

 tion with the description of any plant. I may, however, have 

 overlooked it. There is one very interesting passage in it regard- 

 ing collections of dried plants. Turner states that lie had seen a 

 dried specimen of Glaux iii the collection of John Falconer, 

 which that gentleman had brought with him from Italy. This 

 seems to be the first authentic mention of what we call a herbarium 

 at present. I may here mention, by the way, that perhaps the 

 oldest herbarium at present in existence is that of Rauwolf, a . 

 botanist who travelled in Asia Minor, 1573 to 1576, and whose 

 specimens are still preserved in Leyden. Up to this time, and 

 even later, herbarium meant a book on plnnts. 



The next work which I would refer to is that of Dalechamps, 

 of Lyon, entitled " Historia Generalis Plantarum," in two large 

 folio volumes, printed in Antwerp, which are here for your inspec- 

 tion. The author's name is not on the title page, probably 

 because he had several collaborators, notably Desmoulins. The 

 work contains the descriptions and figures of 2,751 plants, several 

 hundred of them being, however, repetitions of the same species, 

 and the figures are mostly reduced from their natural size. In 

 spite of these shortcomings, it is, however, a work of great 

 importance, and most creditable to the authors, testir)ing to their 

 profound learning, infinite labour, and monetary sacrifices 

 incurred in its publication. In Dalechamps' work we find already 

 the figures of a number of American plants ; for instance, the 

 Pineapple, Sweet Potato, Schinus molle (here cultivated as Pepper 

 tree), the Tobacco plant, the latter also in Dodonaeus. 



