THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST. 103 



large eyes the light must serve to illuminate the way, as in the case 

 of glow-worms and some fish. With others, again, the object 

 may be to terrify adversaries. In cases where animals are trans- 

 parent in the day-time, presumably that they may be invisible 

 to enemies, it seems to be most inconsistent for lights to be shown 

 at night. Probably, however, the stinging powers of jelly-fish 

 and other forms warn fish that phosphorescent creatures are not 

 to be eaten carelessly, and in this case the phosphorescence is 

 probably adopted by harmless forms as a protection. 



These are only a few suggestions as to the uses of phosphor- 

 escence, collected from various sources ; but, as a whole, I think 

 the theoretical part of the subject has been left, as almost too 

 difficult to attack in the present state of our knowledge. 



Bibliography. — The following is a list of the principal 

 authorities consulted : — 



1. Ackroyd — Phosphorescence (Science for All, vol. iv.) 



2. Alcock — A Naturalist in Indian Seas. 



3. Barnard — Photogenic Bacteria, Trans. Jenn. Inst. Prev. 



Med., 2nd series, 1899. 



4. Barnard and Macfadyen — Luminous Bacteria, Rep. Brit. 



Ass., 1902. 



5. Beddard — Animal Coloration. 



Oligochseta — Worms, Rotifers, and Polyzoa. 

 Phosphorescent Earthworms, Nature, May, 1899. 



6. Benham — Chsetopoda — Worms, Rotifers, and Polyzoa. 



Octochcetus multiporus, Nature, October, 1898. 

 6a. Bongardt — Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Leuchtorgane ein- 

 heimischer Lampyriden, Zeit. fiir Wissen. Zool., vol. 

 Ixxv., 1903. 



7. Burckhardt — Luminous Organs of Selachian Fish, Mag. Nat. 



Hist., 1900. 



8. Butler — The Glow-Worm, Knowledge, 1894. 



9. Collingwood — Luminous Fungus from Borneo, Jour. Linn. 



Soc. (Bot.), vol X., 1869. 



10. Cooke and Berkeley— Fungi : their Nature, Influence, and 



Uses (Inter. Sci. Ser.) 



11. Darwin — Origin of Species. 



12. De Quatrefages — The Phosphorescence of the Sea, Pop. Sci. 



Rev., vol. i., 1862. 

 Article, Ann. Nat. Hist., 2nd series, vol. xii. 



13. Fabre — Recherches sur la Cause de la Phosphorescence de 



I'Agaric de I'Olivier, C. R. Ann. des Sci. Nat. vol xli 



1855- ' ■ ■' 



14. Giinther — Deep-Sea Fishes, Challenger Rep. 



An Introduction to the Study of Fishes. 



15. Hassall — Phosphorescence of Zoophytes, Mag. Nat. Hist. 



1841. 



