48 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [no. 19. 



and the heights above Glacier belong to the Arctic-Alpine zone, and 

 the Yukon Valley Ijelongs to the Canadian and Hudsonian zones. In 

 the last the Canadian element is most pronounced in the lake region, 

 with a very slight infusion of Sitkan forms, the strictly Hudsonian 

 species increasing and the others decreasing as the Yukon winds north 

 toward Fort Yukon. Be^^ond this point Hudsonian forms predomi- 

 nate, giving place to Arctic where the Yukon loses its identity in the 

 tundra of the delta. The Upper Yukon Valley may be divided faun- 

 ally at Fort Selkirk, where the Pelly from the Kocky Mountains and 

 the Lewes from the Coast Range unite to form the Yukon proper, 15 

 species of land and shore birds occurring above this point which have 

 not been found between there and Fort Yukon, and 12 having been 

 recorded between the Pelly and Fort Yukon which have not been 

 taken above. Of the 128 species and subspecies found between Dixon 

 Entrance and Fort Yukon, 22 per cent were common to the coast of 

 southeast Alaska and the Yukon Valley, 19 per cent confined to the 

 coast, 55 per cent to the Yukon Valley, and 4 per cent found only on 

 White Pass Summit and at similar altitudes. 



The avifauna of southeastern Alaska is alread}^ fairly well known, 

 and the twelve days spent at Haines, Skagway, and Glacier resulted 

 chiefly in extending the ranges of a few species, though the barn 

 swallow proved to be the subspecies recently reinstated by Mr. Palmer, 

 the myrtle warbler that lately described by Mr. McGregor, and the 

 wood pewee an unrecognized form. Of the 62 species found between 

 Dixon Entrance and Glacier, 2 — Colcvptes auratus lutem and Merula 

 migratorla — were eastern, 8 Alaskan, 25 Pacific coast, and 17 common 

 to northern North America. At Haines, which is situated on a nar- 

 row and for the most part heavily wooded peninsula, birds, although 

 not common, were more numerous than they were either at Skag- 

 way, which is in a narrow clifl-l)ordered valley at the head of Lynn 

 Canal, or at Glacier, 14 miles from Skagway, 1,870 feet higher, and 

 surrounded by deep spruce woods and alder thickets. We found in 

 the avifauna of Glacier a slight but decided difference from that of 

 the tide-water level of Lynn Canal, Junco hiyetnalis connectetis replac- 

 ing J. h. oregonus, and Wilsonia ptisilla plleolata replacing Helminth o- 

 phila celata lutesceiis, while Melosjpiza melodia rufina and Merula 

 migratoria were absent. 



Among the thickets of alpine hemlock growing with moss and 

 heather between the granite rocks of White Pass Summit and the 

 heights above Glacier we found Zonotrichia coronata and Anthiis 

 ■pensilvanicus common, and Lagopun rupestris^ L. leuGurus, Leucosticte 

 tep)hrocotis littoralis and Sayomis saya yukonensis in smaller numbers. 

 Sayornis s. yukonensis reached the Yukon level at Fort Selkirk, and 

 AntJms 2)ensilvanicus at Circle, but the others were not seen again. 



To one accustomed to the orchards, fields, and forests of Connect!- 



