64 * NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA. [n<>.19 



entered Lake Lcbar^^e on the evening- of Jul}^ ly, when a tioek of at 

 least a hundi-fd Hew hig-h overhead from the direetion of the hike. 

 Al)out 8 p. ni. and at 10 p. m. of the ,sanie evening, and on the next 

 morning, we ,saAV what we took to T)e tht^. same floek. The birds were 

 probably taking a morning and evening flight, such as E. S. Bryant 

 has noticed in the case of the white-Avinged scoters breeding at Devils 

 Lake, North Dakota; and I believe that with both species these flights 

 are taken chiefly to exercise the wing muscles. We saw no females 

 on any of the lakes, nor could we find them on the shore, though they 

 were undoubtedly nesting in the vicinitv- We observed several on 

 Thirty -Mile River July 18 and two near the Little Salmon July 20. 

 Near Whale Island, at St. Michael, we saw a number September 8, 

 and two scoters, probably young of this species, September 21. I 

 think there were a few with the American scoters I saw at Unalaska 

 October 5. 



43. Chen hyperborea. Lesser Snow Goose. 



1 saw five snow geese at the Aphoon mouth August 28, and a large 

 flock at St. Michael September 11. 



44. Anser albifrons gambeli. American White-fronted Goose. 



A single white-fronted goose was seen by Osgood among a number 

 of other birds killed by natives about the Yukon Delta August 29. 



45. Branta canadensis hutchinsi. Hutchins Goose. 



Although Maddren was informed that a goose with four young was 

 seen near White Horse Rapids about July 11, and although the 

 sergeant in charge of the police station of Lower Lebarge told us 

 that thousands of geese and ducks passed there in the spring, and 

 that he had counted twenty -four distinct species, and had killed both 

 Hutchins and cackling geese, we did not see a goose of any species 

 until we were in the neighborhood of Charlie Village, August 10. 

 There we saw a flock of about twenty of the Branta canaderwis group, 

 and Osgood shot two hutchmd and saw many more near Fort Yukon 

 August 21. Brown geese, apparently chiefly this subspecies, were 

 common on the Yukon flats and on the lower river, especially the 

 Yukon Delta. A Hutchins goose was brought to the steamer Robert 

 Kerr by an Eskimo August 26, and I found the bird common at the 

 Aphoon mouth August 27-28. Prospectors on the Kerr told me that 

 geese bred abundantly at the head waters of the Porcupine and the 

 marshes at the source of Birch Creek. 



During September this species was common about St. Michael in 

 small flocks, but very shy; Osgood took one September 23. 



{Philacte canagica. Emperor Goose. Dr. Romig told me they 

 were couniion on the tundra along the Kuskokwim.] 



