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est. The presence of two maxillary lobes, homologous with the galea 

 and lacinia of the Mecoptera [Panorpidae), and Neuroptera [Corydalus, 

 Myrmeleon as well as the Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera etc.), in 

 what in other important respects also is the »lowest« or most primitive 

 genus of Lepidoptera (the lacinia being a rudimentary, scarcely func- 

 tional haustellum or tongue , and not merely a vestigial structure), is 

 of great significance from a phylogenetic point of view. This feature 

 also affords a basis for a division of the Lepidoptera into two grand 

 divisions or suborders, for which I would propose the names Lepido- 

 ptera laciniata and Lepidoptera haustellata. 



Walter thus writes of the first pair of maxillae: »The other 

 mouthparts also of the lower Micropteryginae have a most primitive 

 characteristic. In the first pair of maxillae of Micropteryx calthella^ 

 aruncella, anderschella and aureatella cardo and stipes are present 

 as two clearly separate pieces. The former in M. calthella and arun- 

 cella in comparison with the latter, is larger than in anderschella 

 and aureatella. In the last two species the cardo is still tolerably 

 broad, but reduced. The stipes is considerably longer than the cardo 

 in the two last species, while it is of the same thickness. From the 

 stipes arises the large 6-jointed palpus maxillaris, making two or 

 three bends and concealing the entire front of the head and all the 

 mouthparts. At its base, and this is unique among all the 

 Lepidoptera, two entirely separate maxillary lobes arise 

 from the stipes. The external represents the most primi- 

 tive rudiment (anläge) of a lepidopterous tongue«. It is 

 evident from Walter's figures and description that this structure 

 which I have also observed in E. calthella , is not a case of reduction 

 by disuse, but that it represents the primitive condition of this lobe, 

 the galea of the maxilla, and this is confirmed by the presence of the 

 lacinia, a lobe of the maxilla not known to exist in any other adult 

 Lepidopterous insect, it being the two galeae which bocome elongated, 

 united and highly specialized to form the so-called tongue haustellum 

 or glossa of all Lepidoptera above the Eriocephalidae^, which we may 

 therefore regard as the types of the Lepidoptera laciniate a. 



Another most important feature correlated with this and not 

 known to exist in Lepidoptera haustellata is the presence of two lobes 

 of the second maxillae, besides the 3-jointed labial palpi , and which 



2 In his paper on the larva of Eriocephala , etc. (Trans. Ent. Soc.London, 1894. 

 p. 335) Dr. Chapman separates the old genus Micropteryx into two families: 

 Eriocephalidae and Micropterygidae. His group Eriocephalidae I have regarded 

 as comprising the types of the suborder Lepidoptera laciniata, orProto- 

 lepidoptera. 



