ELEPHAS. 207 



The differences seem to resolve themselves into the two follow- 

 ing points of distinction : the laminae of the molar teeth are wider 

 in E. sumatranus and approach those of E. africanus ; there are in 

 E. sumatranus 20 dorsal vertebras and 19 pairs of ribs, while in E. 

 indicus the numbers are respectively 19 and 18. 



With regard to the size of Elephants, Sanderson has main- 

 tained both in his book " Thirteen Years among the Wild Beasts " 

 and elsewhere that no elephant has ever exceeded 11 feet when 

 measured in the ordinary way at the shoulder. 



The largest ever measured by Sanderson, who has certain- 

 ly had vast experience, was one belonging to the Sirmoor Rajah, 

 which was 10 feet 7^ inches at the shoulder. 



The elephant, whose skeleton is mounted in the Museum Gallery 

 ("a" in the list) certainly exceeds this limit; a plumb line drop- 

 ped from a bar placed on the anterior dorsal vertebrae just above 

 the scapulae makes him no less than 1 1 feet 3 inches, so that in 

 life he must have measured several inches more. 



Flower mentions in his " Catalogue of the Osteological Speci- 

 mens in the Royal College of Surgeons," Part II, Mammalia, 

 p. 443, a very large femur and humerus, measuring respectively 

 112 cm. and 90 cm., which is roughly equal 1043 ^"d 35 inches; 

 the femur and humerus of the large elephant " a " in the list 

 measure respectively 47I and 39 inches. 



a. Skeleton $ Bilkandi, Sonthal W. M. Smith, 1870. 



mted. Pergunndhs. 

 i. Skeleton $ King of Oude, 1839, A.S.B, 



mted. 



c. Stuffed, juv. Commissariat Department, 



skeleton 1877. 



d. Skeleton, $ Garo Hills Purchased, 1877. 



skull. 



e. Skeleton g W. Rutledge, 1874. 



/. Skeleton, $ W. Rutledge, 1881. 



skin. 



^.Skeleton, $ G. P. Sanderson [Ex.], i88i. 



imft. 



h. Skin, skull $ Zoological Gardens, 1877. 



J. Skin (J Tikri Killah, Garo G. P. Sanderson, 1886. 



juv. Hills. 



k. Skull $ juv. .. .. W. Rutledge, 1874. 



/.Skull $ G. P. Sanderson, 1885. 



juv. 



m. Skull $ G. P. Sanderson, 1885. 



juv. 



«. Skull, ^ W. Rutledge, 1876. 



skeleton juv. 



0. Skull foetal Capt. Johnstone, 1868. 



p. Split skull A.S.B. 



q-r, 2 Tusks General Bhima Sinha, 1836, 



A.S.B. 



s. Tusk g R. Home, A.S.B. 



