425 



55) Whereas tlae widespread custom of issuing reprints in advance 

 of the appearance of the original publication gives rise to much unnecessary 

 confusion in nomenclature, be it — 



56) Resolved, That the Ninth International Zoological Congress 

 expresses its disapproval of this custom and appeals to editors to discontinue 

 it, and further, be it 



57) Resolved, That editors be requested to give on each edition of 

 all publications the exact date (year, month and day) of issue of said edition. 



58) Opinions. — At the Boston (1907) Congress, the Commission 

 reported upon Opinions 1 to 5 inclusive; at the Gratz (1910) Congress it 

 reported upon Opinions 6 to 28 inclusive; at the present Congress, it here- 

 with reports the summaries of Opinions 29 to 56 inclusive. The full opi- 

 nions have been published by the Smithsonian Institution , Washington, 

 D. C. as Publications nos. 1938, 1989, 2013, 2060; no. 2169, containing 

 Opinions 52 to 56 inclusive, is now in proof and will soon be issued. Atten- 

 tion is invited to a correction of Opinion 31 published on page 89, Publi- 

 cation no. 2060. 



The Commission regrets to hear that some zoologists claim to have been 

 unable to find copies of these Opinions and desires to state that they are 

 sent to 1100 libraries, to the members of the International Congress, and 

 to a limited number of specialists. Only the summai'ies are issued in the 

 proceedings of the Congress. If any member of the Congress fails to receive 

 the full Opinions, he is invited to notify the Secretary of the Commission. 



At its present session the Commission has taken a preliminary or a 

 final vote upon several additional opinions and it now has under considera- 

 tion about 15 other cases that have been submitted to it for study. 



29] Pachynathiis vs. Pachygnathus. — On basis of argument in Opinion 26, 

 and in view oî ihe ^xiov ns^rsiQ Pachygnathics, 1834. Arach., the Commission is of the 

 opinion that Pachynatlius Swainson, 1839, should be suppressed. 



30; Swainson's Bird Genera of 1827. — Swainson's bird genera in the 

 Philosophical Magazine of 1827 are monotypic, and according to Article 30 (c) the 

 species mentioned are types of their respective genera. Therefore, these types must 

 take precedence over the designated types of Swainson which occurred later, in 

 the Zoological Journal of 1827. 



31) Columhina vs. Cliaemepelia. — In 1840 Gray designated as type of Coliim- 

 bina Spix, Cohwiha passerina Linn. As this species is not one of the original species 

 of Columbina Spix, Gray's type designation is not valid and Columhina^ remains 

 without a designated type. The valid type of Chaemepelia Swainson, is Columba 

 passerina Linn., designated by Gray, 18412. 



32) The Type of tlie Genus Sphex. — On basis of the premises submitted, sabu- 

 losa is the type of Sphex Linnaeus, 1758. 



2 Foot-note by St ej neger. — At the time of Opinion 31, the second edition of 

 Gray's List of the Genera of Birds, published 1841, had not been seen by the writei', 

 nor was the point brought out clearly in the documents submitted, and hence 

 escaped notice, that Columbina strepitans Spix was designated by Gray, 1841, 

 p. 75, as the type of Columhina. This action of Gray is undoul)tedly valid and the 

 type of Columbina is therefore G. strepitans Spix. In view of this fact, brought to 

 the attention of the Commission by Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, Opinion 31 is hereby 

 changed accordingly, and will be submitted to the members of the Commission for 

 approval. 



