NYMPHALID^. I;3I 



ment ; legs reddish-ocbreous ; under-side greyish. 1| or H 

 inches long. Feeds on Thistles, Malvacece, and other low 

 plants. 



Pupa. — Greyish-ochreous, more or less gilded on the back 

 and wing-covers ; with three rows of brightly-gilded, pointed 

 tubercles down the back. Suspended to plants, walls, &c. 



Open ground generally, fields, gardens, hill-sides, and waste places. 



Throughout the year, but most common from September to March. 



Tyrameis Cardui is one of the most interesting Butterflies known, from 

 the fact of its being literally cosmopolitan. Except the Arctic and Antarc- 

 tic regions, all parts of the world have furnished specimens of this beautiful 

 insect. Not only is this species so universally distributed over the earth's 

 surface, but it appears to be common everywhere. The oceanic islands, as 

 well as the continents, are inhabited by tliis Butterfly ; and once, when at 

 sea, a specimen flew ou board, when the vessel Iwas in was about ninety miles 

 to the West of Teneriffe. In England, and on tbe continent of Europe, P. 

 Cardui sometimes appears in great abundance, and then, perhaps for several 

 seasons, will be uncertain in appearance, and restricted to particular locali- 

 ties. I have not heard of this irregularity of appearance being noticed in 

 other parts of the world. 



The Butterfly is exceedingly fearless, returning again and again to the 

 same spot from which the collector has scared it ; but it is at the same time 

 very wary of anyone's approach. 



Cape Town. Knysna. Plettenberg Bay. St. Helena. — 

 Coll. mihi. 



" Port Elizabeth to Queen's Town." — D 'Urban. 



Cape of Good Hope. Canada. — Coll. S. A. Mus. 



*' Natal, universally." — Boisd. 



** Teneritfe. Sierra Leone. Egypt. Europe generally. 

 Asia and Asiatic Islands. Sandwich Islands. Australia. 

 New Zealand. America from Hudson's Bay to Venezuela." 

 — Gen. Diurn. Lep., p. 203. 



" Barbary. Senegal. Madagascar. Bourbon. Mauritius. 

 Bengal. Java. China. Brazil. Cayenne. Tahiti." — Boisd. 



74. Pyrameis Hippomene. 



Vanessa Hippomene. — Boisd., Faune Ent. de Mad., Sec, 



[pi. 8, f. 3, 4. 



Glossy-hlack ; a hand of ochre-yellow in both wings ; apical 

 portion of fore-iving spotted tvith tvhite. 



$ . Fore-tuing : ochre-yellow band crosses wing from costa 

 a little before middle to inner-margin a little before anal 

 angle, thickening a little as it descends, and slightly arched 

 outwardly ; between band and apex, three small spots form a 

 thin transverse streak on costa — the spot on costal edge being 

 ochre-yellow, the other two white ; beyond this, a row of 

 from five to seven small white spoU^, running parallel to a[)ical 

 half of hind-margin ; apical projection rather strongly 



