22 • Don R. Brothwell 



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Summary of audience discussion: Morphologic bone alterations 

 in a bacterially infected host occur only if host resistance is suffi- 

 cient to allow survival over a period long enough to allow produc- 

 tion of the destructive and responsive skeletal changes. The routine 

 absence of such changes in viral infections, together with the need 

 of at least the more virulent viruses for a large, nonimmune popula- 

 tion to maintain them, suggests that viral infections are more recent 

 and therefore may have played a lesser role in the evolutionary 

 history of infectious diseases. Some interesting recent reports sug- 

 gest that viral agents may trigger erosive arthropathies and there 

 may be a relationship of distemper to Paget's disease. 



A thorough search of ancient North American bison bones could 

 make a major contribution to the question of whether bovine tuber- 

 culosis in the New World preceded or followed the human form. 

 Tuberculosis could have developed in zoonoses in very early peri- 

 ods, been lost, and emerged again in later zoonoses. We also need 

 more precise information of brucellosis-generated bone changes so 

 we may search for them in archeological samples and trace the dairy 

 product-linked diseases. 



Zagreb Paleopathology Symp. t9fiH 



