Taphonomy of spontaneous mummification • 85 



Appendix 



The authors arc very grateful to John Rippon, Ph.D.. Section of 

 Dermatology. Department of Medicine. University of Chicago and 

 Pritzker School of Medicine, for the following information. 



In Mycologia Europaea. Vol. 1 , by Persoon. published in 1822. 

 the following entry is found on page 65: 



Classis prima, Ordo primus; 



XXXV. Hypha. Flocciformis, mollissima ad tactum diffluens. 

 fugax. Obs. Fungi sunt subterranei. aut in locis suf- 

 focatis et cryptis vegetant. colore plerumquc albi. 

 I . bombycina, subrotunda indeterminata. humida Ooccos 

 gossypinos referens Hyphasma floccosum. Rehenti.sch. 

 Flor. p.396. Dill. Hist. Muse. p.5,t.I.f.9. Dematium 

 bombycinum. Syn. fung. 6%. Hab in fodinis et ccllis, 

 ligms et lapidibus adhaerens. Colore nivea . . . 



In Sylloge Fungorum. Vol.14, by P.A. Saccardo, published m 

 Pavia, 1899, by the author, the following entry is found on page 

 1192: 



Mycelia sterilia, Hypha; 



HYPHA Pers. M.E.I, p.63, Hyphasma Rebent. Dematium Pars. 



Byssus L. pr. pr. ex emend. 



Humb.Dub. (Etym. hyphe texture). 

 — Rhabdi arachnoidei hyalini simplices v. ramosi. decum- 

 bcntcs, fistulosi, continui, laxe intertexti, fugaces (aeris 

 contactu saltem) contabescentes v. confluentes. sporis de- 

 stitute Mycetes subterranei in cryptis locisque sufFocatis, 

 vegcti albi, aliorum procul dubie initia, ex loco lucisque 

 defectu pessumdati. hinc dubii. 



I. Hypha bombycina Pers. M.E.I, p.63, Byssus floccosa 

 Schreb. Spic. 144, B. bombycina Nees Syst. f. 73, 

 Hyphasma floccosum Rebent. Neom. p.396. Dematium 

 bombycinum Pers. Syn. p.696. Dill. Hist. t.I.f.9— Rhabdis 

 hyphoideis, simplicissimis, subparallelis, niveis, primum 

 laxe intertextis, hypham veluti gossypinam. elatam subro- 

 tundam, mundissimam, dein collapsis, membranam com- 

 pactam seu corium tenacellum mentientibus. Hab. ad ligna 

 et alpides in caveis udis et fodinis minime rara in 

 Germania. — 18-20 cm. alta et lata, ocissime gliscens. 



Literature cited 



Alexander. F. 1949. A Medical Survey of the Aleutian Islands. New 



England Journal of Medicine, 240:1035-1040. 

 Allison, M.J., G. Focacci. B. Arriaza. V. Standen, M. Rivera, and 



J.M. Lowenstein. 1984. Chinchorro, Momias de Preparacicin 



Complicada; Metodos de Momificacion. Chungara, 13:155- 



174. 

 Anonymous. 1971. Ven:one. Udine. Italy; Societal Filologiche 



Furlane. 

 Artamonov, M.I. 1965. Frozen Tombs of the Scythians. Scientific 



American. 212:101-110. 

 Bassett, E.J. .M.S. Keith, G.J. Armelagos. and D.L. Martin. 1980. 



Tetracycline-Labelled Human Bone from Ancient Sudanese 



Nubia (AD. 350). .Science. 209:1532-1534. 

 Beattie, OB. 1983. A Report on Newly Discovered Human Skele- 



tal Remains from the Last Sir John Franklin Expedition. The 

 Mu.sk-Ox. 33:68-77. 



Biasolctto, B. 1829(7) In Cella Subterranea Venzonense ad Cor- 

 pora Humana Emortua. Exiccataque Lectus. Quoted in F.M. 

 Marcolini, 1831. Sulle Mummie di Venzone. 58, 148. Milan: 

 Dalla Societa Tipografica de'Classici Italiani. 



Cheng, TO. 1984. Glimpses from the Past from the Recently Un- 

 earthed Ancient Corpses in China. Annals of Internal Medicine, 

 101:714-715. 



Cockbum. A., and E. Cockbum, eds. 1980. Mummies, Disease 

 and Ancient Cultures. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University 

 Press. 



Cotton, G.E., AC. Aufderheide, and V.G. Goldschmidl. 1987. 

 Preservation of Human Tissue Immersed for Five Years in Fresh 

 Water of Known Temperature. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 

 32:1125-1130. 



El-Najjar, M, A.C. Aufderheide, and D.J. Ortner. 1985. Preserved 

 Human Remains from the Southern Region of the North Ameri- 

 can Continent. Human Pathology, 16:273-276. 



Evans. W.E.D. 1963. The Chemistry of Death. Springfield, 111.; 

 Charles C Thomas. 



Fbmaciari. G. 1982. Natural Mummies in Central Italy. Paleopa- 

 thology Newsletter. 40: 1 1 - 1 3 . 



Gallassi, A. 1950. Le Mummie Naturali di Venzone. Rivista di 

 Storia Delle Scienze Mediche e Naturali, 41:1 94- 1 99 . 



Glob, P.V. 1965. Mosefolket. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. 



Hansen, H.E., and H. Gurtler. 1983. HLA Types of Mummified 

 Eskimo Bodies from the 15th Century. American Journal of 

 Physical Anthropology, 6 1 :447-452 . 



Kleiss, E. 1967. Zum Problem der Naturlichen Mummifikation und 

 Konzervierung. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie. 

 59:204-213. 



Mainardis.G. 1976. Venzone: Studi Geologici Sul Terreno. Udine. 

 Italy: Arti Grafiche Friulane. 



Marcolini. F.M. 1831. Sulle Mummie di Venzone. Milan: Dalla 

 Societa Tipografica de'Classici Italiani. 



McLean, E.O. 1980. Recommended pH and Lime Requirement 

 Tests. Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the 

 North Central Region. North Dakota Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, North Dakota State University, Fargo. North Central 

 Regional Publication No. 221. Bulletin 499:5-6. 



Micozzi, M.S. 1986. Experimental Study of Post- Mortem Change 

 Under Field Conditions: Effects of Freezing, Thawing and Me- 

 chanical Injury. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 31(3):953-961. 



Mostny. G.. ed. 1957. La Momia del Cerro el Plomo. Boletin del 

 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. 27: 1 - 1 1 8. 



Orslanov. Kh.A.. V.V. Lyadoy, and TV. Tertychnaya. 1980. In 

 N.K. Vereshchagin, ed.. The Magadan Baby Mammoth, Collec- 

 tion of Articles. Leningrad: Academy of Sciences USSR. Section 

 of Chemical-Technological and Biological Sciences. Committee 

 for the Study of Mammoths and Mammoth Fauna. 



PaddcKk. F.K.. C.C. Loomis Jr., and A.K. Perkons. 1970. An 

 Inquest on the Death of Charles Francis Hall. New England Jour- 

 nal of Medicine, 282:784-786. 



Persoon. \f,21. Mycologia Europaea. vol. 1. 



Saccardo, PA. 1899. Sylloge Fungorum. vol. 14. Pavia, Italy: 

 published by the author. 



Schobinger, J. 1966. La "Momia" del Cerro el Toro. Mendoza. 

 Argentina: Taller Grafico. 



Zanrfh Paleopalhotogy Symp. 1988 



