208 • Jobs G. Andersen 



Literature cited 



Andersen , J . G . 1 969 . Studies in the Medieval Diagnosis of Leprosy. 

 Copenhagen: Costers Bogtrykkeri. 



1982. The Osteoarchaeological Diagnosis of Leprosy. Pro- 

 ceedings of the Palaeopathology Association 4th European Meet- 

 ing. Middleburg. 221-228. 



Aretaeus. 1828. Aretaei Cappadocis Opera Omnia. D. Caroivs 

 Gottlob Kuhn, ed. Lipsiae: prostat in officina libraria C. 

 Cnoblochii. 



Amaldus de Villa Nova (Sive Bachudne). 1309. Breuiarium prac- 

 licae a capile ad pedem (Brew. II, Cap. 46), Napoli. 



BorthenL.M., andH.P. Lie. 1899. Die Lepra des Auges: Klinische 

 Studien vonLyder Borthen. mit Pathologisch-Anatomischen Un- 

 tersuchungen. Leipzig, GDR: Engelmann. 



Celsus, A.C. 1891. A. Cornelii Cels De medicina libri octo. Ad 

 fidem optimorum librorum demto recensuit. adnotatione critica 

 indicibusijue instruxit C. Daremberg. Lipsiae: B.G. Teubneri. 



Danielsen, D.C. 1873. Lungegaardshospitaiets Virksomhed i 

 Treaaret \Sl\-lli. Nor.^k Mag Lcegev. 2(4):313-396. 



de Gaddesen, J. 1492. Rosa Anglica IV Lihris Distincta Papua. 



Moiler-Christensen, V., S.N. Bakke. , R.S.Melsom, and E. Waaler 

 1952. Changes in the Anterior Nasal Spine and the Alveolar 

 Processof the Maxillary Bone. InternationalJournal of Leprosy. 

 20:335-340. 



Oribasius. 1851-1876. Oeuvres d'Oribase. Translated by Drs. 



Busscmakcr and Daremberg. Paris: Impr. nationale. 

 Plinius. 1829. Ajason de Grandsagne . Histoire Naturell de Pline. 



Paris. 

 Ridley, D.C and W.H. Jopling. 1966. Classification of Leprosy 



According to Immunity. International Journal of Leprosy. 34: 



255. 

 WHO Study Group. 1982. Multidrug Therapy in Leprosy. Geneva. 



Summary of audience discussion: In Hawaii it was possible to 

 demonstrate a chronological succession of changes from an initial 

 low ratio of tuberculoid (high resistance)/lepromatous (low re- 

 sistance) leprosy forms to a later reversal of this ratio. If an elevated 

 value for this ratio reflects a longer duration of leprosy within a 

 pt)pulation (and adaptation by development of resistance to it) then 

 it would be interesting to determine this ratio among both current 

 living populations throughout the world and in antiquity. Lack of 

 available statistics limits study of modem groups, and absence of 

 facial destruction makes it very difficult to differentiate the two 

 forms in archeological skeletal populations. In modem p<5pulations 

 local secondary mycotic infections of the extremities are common 

 owing to loss of sensation resulting from the neuropathy. Death in 

 antiquity may have been due primarily to amyloidosis, as it is now. 



Zagreb Paleopalhology Symp. 1 988 



