Paleopathology of rheumatism in paintings • 221 



well-documented in human remains because this inflamma- 

 tory rheumatic disease preferentially affects younger people. 

 The discoveries of rheumatic disorders in the paintings and 

 drawings of the Late Middle Ages described here neverthe- 

 less make the current view (that rheumatoid arthritis is a 

 relatively recent complaint) a topic for discussion. 



Literature cited 



Alarcon-S^govia, D. 1985. Botticelli and Arthritis. Arthritis and 

 Rhctimatism. 28:6(X). 



Alarcon-Segovia. D., A. Latfon, and J. Alcocer-Varela. 1983. 

 Probable Depiction of Juvenile Arthritis by Sandro Botticelli. 

 Arthritis and Rheumatism . 26: 1 266- 1 268 . 



Appelboom. T. , C. dc Boelpaepe, G. Ehrlich, and J. P. Famaey. 

 1981 . Rubens and the Question of Antiquity of Rheumatoid Ar- 

 thritis. Journal o] the American Medical Association, 245:483- 

 486. 



Dequeker, J. 1977. Arthritis in Flemish Paintings (1400-1700). 

 British Medical Journal. 1 : 1 203- 1 205 . 



1979. Rheumatism in the Art of the Late Middle Ages. 



Organorama, 16:9-19. 



1981 . Polymyalgia Rheumatica with Temporal Arteritis as 



Painted by Jan Van Eyck in 1436. Canadian Medical Association 

 Journal. 124:1597-1598. 



1984. Arthritis in the Paintings of Sandro Botticelli. Ar- 

 thritis and Rheumatism. 27: 1 196- 1 197. 



1987. Rheumatic Diseases in Visual Arts. In T. Ap- 

 pelboom, cd. , Art, History and Antiquity of Rheumatic Diseases, 

 31-40. Brussels: Elsevier Librico. 



Ehrlich, G.E. 1987. The Cover. Journal of the American Medical 

 Association, 257:892. 



Meige, H. 1924. Presse Medicale, 26 April. 



Ortner, D.J., and C.J. Utcrmohle. 1981. Polyarticular Inflamma- 

 tory Arthritis in a Pre-Columbian Skeleton from Kodiak Island. 

 Alaska, USA. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 

 56:23-31. 



Roth, W.G. 1969. Arteriitis temporalis dargestellt an cinem 

 Gemalde des Reichsmuseums in Amsterdam. Der Haularzt. 

 20:330-332. 



Scott, J.T. 1986. Copeman's Textbook of the Rheumatic Diseases, 

 vol. I. 6th edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone. 



Short, C.L. 1974. The Antiquity of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis 

 and Rheumatism, 17:193-208. 



Summary of audience discussion: Attempts to trace the history 

 of rheumatoid arthritis to periods earlier than a.d. 1650 are frus- 

 trated by the style of painting prior to that date. Differences in 

 pattern and symmetry assist the separation of rheumatoid arthritis in 

 paintings from psoriasis or Reiter's syndrome to some degree but 

 not infallibly. 



Zagreb Pateopaihology Symp. 1988 



