248 • Robert D. Jurmain 



Literature cited 



Angel, J.L. 1974. Patterns of Fracture from Neolithic to Modem 

 Times. Anthropologiai Koztemenyek, 18:9-18. 



Bennike. P. 1985. Paleopathology of Danish Skeletons. 

 Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. 



Edynak, G.J. 1976. Life-Styles from Skeletal Material. In E. Giles 

 and J.S. Friedlaender, eds.. The Measures of Man, 408-432. 

 Cambridge, Mass.: Peabody Museum Press. 



Elliot-Smith, G., and P. Wood-Jones. 1910. The Archaeological 

 Survey of Nubia. Report for 1907-1908, vol. 2, Report on the 

 Human Remains. Cairo: National Printing Department. 



Jurmain, R.D. 1983. Paleopathology of a Native Califomian Skele- 

 tal Population. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 

 60:211-212. 



Lovejoy, CO., and K.G. Heiple. 1981. The Analysis of Fractures 

 in Skeletal Populations with an Example from the Libben Site, 

 Ottawa County, Ohio. American Journal of Physical Anthropol- 

 ogy 55:529-541. 



Ortner, D.J., and W.G.J. Putschar. 1981. Identification of Patho- 

 logical Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains. Smithsonian 



Contributions to Anthropology. 28. Washington, D.C.: Smithso- 

 nian Institution Press. 



Pfeiffer, S. 1985. Paleopathology of Archaic Peoples of the Great 

 Lakes. Canadian Review of Physical Anthropology. 4: 1 -7. 



Stewart, T.D. 1974. Nonunion of Fractures in Antiquity, with De- 

 scription of Five Cases from the New World Involving the Fore- 

 arm. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 50:875- 

 891. 



Tcnney, J. A. 1986. Trauma among Early Califomian Populations. 

 American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 69:27 1 . 



Wilson, T. 1901. Arrow Wounds. American Anthropologist, 

 3:513-53 



Summary of audience discussion: Causes of fracture union fail- 

 ure include recurrent violence before completion of healing and 

 premature use of the arm. Even in the modern period the ulna is the 

 bone most frequently associated with nonunion. Furthemiore, fre- 

 quency estimates of ununited fractures may be lower than reality 

 because of nonrecognition. 



Zagreb Paleopalholngy Symp. 1988 



