PROCEEDINGS OF THE SCIEIs'TIFIC SOCIETIES OF LOKDON. 127 



upon a buildiDg with eolid massive walls, and three separate pave- 

 ments one over the other, showing evidence of successive occupation 

 either by successive races or by the same races at successive periods 

 of time. In the lowest strata stone implements of the rudest 

 kind had been discovered, but in the instruments found in the upper 

 strata a greater finish of workmanship was distinctly traceable. In 

 one case a pair of shears with the blades of bronze and handle of 

 iron, and bone implements of various descriptions had been found 

 mixed up with a mass of shells and bones of animals which had been 

 used for food. Among these bones, too, had been discovered part of 

 the jaw of a child, with the teeth attached to it, broken across as if 

 to get at the marrow, affording ground for a presumption that can- 

 nibalism was prevalent, or at least occasionally resorted to, among 

 the race to which the remains refer. The specimens of pottery 

 varied according to the strata in which they were found. In the 

 lower strata they were rude and of a very poor character ; in the 

 upper they showed an improved manufacture and had occasionally 

 a blue glaze. None of the stone implements showed the mark of a 

 tool ; nor did the stones of which the buildings were formed ; but 

 the sandstone of the district, which was chiefly used — there being no 

 flint in the neighbourhood — split naturally so regularly that there 

 was little necessity for this. Among the animal remains which had 

 been identified were the bones of a small whale, which had probably 

 been driven ashore and eaten, dolphins and cod, the ox, horse, red 

 deer in large quantities and of gigantic size, wild boar, and goat. No 

 sheep bones had been discovered, which was an indication of great an- 

 tiquity, as no signs of the sheep had ever been discovered in the Swiss 

 lake dwellings. Eemains of the dog and fox, both as articles of food, 

 of the cormorant, the solan goose, and the great awk {Alca imprennis) 

 had been found, but nine-tenths of the food of these people was 

 shell-fish. They had no fishing tackle, nor was there anything to 

 intimate that they had any notion of fishing or boating, though they 

 lived on the sea-shore. Their notions of art were of the rudest and 

 most primitive description, but their architecture was more respect- 

 able, and a spinning-wheel which had been dug out seemed to show 

 that they had some notion of manufactures. Mr. Laing also des- 

 cribed the result of opening a long burial mound by the sea-shore, 

 which he found full of stone coffins at regular intervals of about 15 

 feet apart. The mode of sepulture was an additional proof of the 



