323 



XXYIII. — Recent Works ott the Entozoa. 

 (1.) Entozoa : an Inteodijction to the Study of Helmintho- 



LOGT, WITH EEFEEENCE, MOEE PAETICULAELY, TO THE InTEENAL 



Paeasites OF Man. By T. Spencer Cobbold, M.D., E.E.S. 

 (Roy. 8vo. pp. 480.) London : Grroombridge and Sons, 1864. 



(2.) Die Menschlichen Paeasiten und die von ihnen heeeuh- 

 eenden Keankheiten. Ein Hand-und Lehebtjch Fiia 

 JN'atuefoescher und Aeezte. Yon Eudolf Leuckart. Vol. I. 

 (8vo. pp. 768.) Leipzig and Heidelberg, 1863. 



(3.) On Paeasites, and the Diseases which they Peoduce. 

 By G. Busk, E.E.S. (Article in Vol. lY. of "A System of 

 Surgery, edited by T. Holmes, M.A." 8vo. pp. 902-21.) London, 

 1864. 



When we consider, on tlie one hand, their characteristic mode of 

 life, and, on the other, those curious problems which all questions 

 touching their genesis and development tend to suggest, we might 

 naturally be led to expect that the study of internal parasites should 

 have occupied the attention of investigators from a very remote 

 period. Accordingly, we find that such has, indeed, been the case ; 

 and that no special department of our science. Entomology always 

 excepted, can vie, in the copiousness of its literature, with 

 Helminthology . * 



To unfold the relations between organised beings and the external 

 conditions of existence ; to determine, in short, those phenomena 

 in the orderly correlation of which life may be said to consist, must 

 ever be regarded as one of the most interesting, as it is, undoubtedly, 

 one of the most important aims of the philosophic biologist. When 

 these conditions are of such a nature as to escape our immediate ken, 



* The words Helminthology and Entomology are often wrongly employed, nor 

 can they be rightly understood without implied reference to the history of syste- 

 matic zoology. Of invertebrate zoology there are plainly four departments, namely, 

 (1) Malacology (including Conchology) ; (2) Entomology (the study of the 

 Insecta of Linneus, or Articidata of Cuvier) ; (3) Helminthology ; and (4) 

 Zoophytology. The two latter were at first nearly synonymous terms, both 

 meaning the study of the Vermes of Linneus. We find 0. E. Miiller (Vermium 

 terrestrium et fluviatiUum, 1774), placing Hydra and Tubulana among his 

 Helminthica, although with a note of caution. Even Cuvier arranged all the 

 Helminths under his extensive * embranchement des Zoophytes.' Afterwards, 

 Helminthology meant the study of Worms, properly so called ; and, finally, of 

 parasitic worms only. We may add that, of vertebrate zoology, there are also four ' 

 departments j Masticology, Ornithology, Herpetology, and Ichthyology. 



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