330 



THE NATURAL UISTORT REVIEW. 



adopted. We find modern German naturalists ignoring the old 

 sub-kingdom Annulosa, and substituting in its stead three sub- 

 kingdoms — Arfkropoda, Vermes, and Echinodermata, while Professor 

 Huxley* brings us back to the Articulate sub-kingdom of Cuvier, by- 

 associating once more, in a group apart, the Arthropoda and Anne- 

 lida. The Annuloida he would also regard " as a distinct primary 

 division of the Animal kingdom." 



Proposed 

 Sub-kingdoms. 

 ( Germans.) 

 echinodermata. 



Vermes. 

 Arturopoda. 



Sub-kingdom 

 ANNULOSA. 



Classes. 

 1. Echinodermata. 

 ( 2. Scolecida. 

 \ 3. Annelida. 



j 4. Crustacea. 

 I 5. Araclmida. 



Proposed 

 Sub-kingdoms. 

 (Jiuocley.) 

 Annuloida. 



I 6. Myriajjoda. 

 1^7. Insect a. -f 



J 



Articulata, 

 (Cuvier.) 



In their nervous system and segmented body furnished with 

 lateral appendages, the higher Annelids come so near the Arthropoda 

 that morphology imperatively requires us to place both groups in 

 the same sub-kingdom. On this point we at once adopt the views of 

 Cuvier, as re-advocated by Professor Huxley. To raise the province 

 of ' Vermes' to the rank of a primary division seems, therefore, a 

 mistake. 



Nor are we indisposed to follow Professor Huxley when he 

 would associate the Echinoderms in one primary division with the 

 Scolecida. This appears to us a good provisional arrangement, in 

 support of which we could say at least as much as can be urged in 

 favour of any other view of their affinities. 



On the other hand, so many diverse forms of Worms connect the 

 true Annelids with the typical Scolecida, that we might hesitate 



* Elements of Comparative Anatomy, 1864, (pp. 74-9). It is interesting to note 

 this conservatiA^e tendency in a natm^alist wlio cannot be accused either of want of 

 originality or of undue proueness to venerate authority. 



f We have purposely excluded the E ot if n'a from, the above list of classes ; first, 

 because these animals are bv Mr. Huxley placed under the Scolechht ; and secondly, 

 because the German naturalists (J. V. Cams, R. Leuckart, G egenbaur, and others), 

 to whom we refer, express very divergent views concerning their affinities. 



