THE ZOOLOGY OF SIBEEIA. 461 



curiously enough this is considered by Eadde to be an exclusively 

 East-Siberian species, ranging up to the shores of the Northern 

 Paciiac. 



The Tit-mice and Nuthatches (Paridse and Sittidse) are represented 

 in Eastern Asia by 8 species, all associated by Eadde with European 

 forms. In the next family, however, the Ampelidse, we meet with a 

 most interesting novelty for the Asiatic mainland-Fauna, in the shape 

 of the A7npelis phoenicoptera of Temmmck, or Crimson-winged Cedar- 

 bird hitherto only known from Japan. There can be little doubt that 

 this Cedar-bird breeds in the Bureja mountains north of the Amoor, 

 as the little flocks met with by Eadde in August and September in 

 the woods of this district contained numbers of lately fledged young, 

 in which plumage the species is figured in the present work. Of the 

 Crows (Corvidce), which follow next, our author enumerates 10 

 Siberian species. The only one of them allowed by Eadde to be 

 specially distinct from other western representative forms is Corvus 

 japonensis, Bp., although most ornithologists will recognize the claims 

 of Garridus Irandtii, Eversman, and Corvus dauricus, Pallas, to the 

 same rank, and as being separable forms from the European Garrulus 

 glandarius and Corvus tnonedula. On the other hand among the 

 Starlings (Sturnid^), but one European form, the common Starling, 

 (Sturnus vulvar is) is found ; the two other Siberian members of this 

 group being both purely eastern in their range, and descending in 

 winter into Southern China.* The only Tree-creeper of Eastern 

 Siberia is again the Eui'opean species, while of the Cinclidae besides 

 the European Cinclus aquaticus, (which is present in Siberia both in 

 its normal form, and in the plumage called Cinclus leucogaster by 

 Eversman,) the uniformly coloured Cinclus pallasi was also met with 

 on the middle Amoor. We have not space here to go into the 

 difficult question of the various species of Pipits (Anthtcs) and Wag- 

 tails, (Motacilla) which Kerr Eadde now enters upon. It may 

 suffice to say, that Herr Eadde refers all the members of these two 

 groups met with in Eastern Siberia to well-known European forms, 

 except the very distinct Ilotacilla citreola of Pallas, which has, 

 however, also been recorded as an occasional straggler into the west. 

 Of the genus Oriolus the European O. galhula appears to range east- 

 wards only so far as the neighboiu-hood of Irkutsk, the prevalent if not 

 the only species, in the Amoor-region and Eastern Siberia generally 

 being one of the black-capped section, no doubt the same that is re- 



* Cf. Swinhoe,P. Z. S., 1863, p. 301, ct scq. 



