500 E. Martini, 



Bei der Öffnung dürfte schon die Abduktion der Caudae genügen, 

 um, wenn die Rami geöffnet werden, und so ihrerseits die Köpfe der 

 Manubrien auseinandergedrängt werden und ein Widerlager für die 

 Hebelbewegung abgeben, die Zähne zu heben, nach außen zu führen 

 und aus der Beute hervorzuziehen, und dann wird eine stärkere Streckung 

 des Malleus keinen Widerstand mehr finden und kann leicht durch den 

 Extensor besorgt werden. Die oben geschilderten Bewegungsarten 

 würden der gewöhnlichen Kieferarbeit entsprechen, die Gosse Absatz 31 

 folgendermaßen beschreibt: "The most conspicuous is an alternate 

 approach and recession of the two unci, by a perpendicular motion on 

 the hinge-joint. The opposing faces come into successive contact, 

 and bruise down the particles of food in the manner of mullers. But 

 a moment's Observation shows that there are other movements besides 

 this. The manubria move also at the same time; there free extremities 

 are made to approach each other, as the unci mutually receed and that 

 with a peculiar twist, which greatly alters the apparent figur of these 

 Organs. The incus has also considerable motion. Sometimes the ful- 

 crum is elevated and the rami depressed, so that the former is invisible, 

 the rami open and shut with the worldng of the mallei, being fastened 

 to them by the strong triangulär muscles above mentioned." 



(An Stelle dieses Muskels fanden wir die Clavula bei unsrer Form, 

 die eigenartige Befestigung dieses Skeletstückes an Ramus und Uncus 

 ermöglicht besonders den ventralen großen Zähnen eine weite Beweg- 

 hchkeit.) 



Über eine Extensionsbewegung der Mallei schreibt Gosse Absatz 32 

 folgendes : 



"I was watching a Brachionus fdla in water, in which a number of 

 that beautiful mulberrylike animalcule, Syncrypa volvox, were revol- 

 ving. One or two of these had been devoured, and were very visible in 

 the intestinal canal of the Brachionus, which appeared excited by the 

 enjoyment to unusual effort. The mode in which it directed its ciHated 

 flaps towards the spot where a Syyicrypta was whirHng, or suddenly 

 streched forward to the extent of the long foot, as if it would seize the 

 prey, seemed to indicate a perception of its presence; as did, still more 

 the manner in which it depressed the lip-like lobe of the rotatory organ 

 on one side, when the prey was in the vortex on that side and the eager 

 haste with which it shrank down into the lorica, the instant the animal- 

 cula dropped at length into the buccal funnel. Now however arose a 

 difficulty; the black, millstone-like unci opened and streched forward 

 to grap the little victim; they touched the giobula investing case but 



