320 8. Abstammungslehre. 



Vergleichend-anatomisch. Enthält wertvolle Hinweise auf entwicklungs- 

 geschichtliche Desiderata. J. Schaxel (z. Z. Neapel). 



884) Hase, A., Studien über das Integument von Cyclopterus lum- 

 pus L. (Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Haut und des Hautskelettes 

 von Knochenfischen.) 



(Jenaische Zeitschr. f. Naturw. 47,1/2. p. 216—342. 37 Textfig. Taf. 9—16. 1911.) 

 Detaillierte Angaben über den Bau der Epidermis und der Cutis. Zwischen 

 der basalen Epidermisschicht und den obersten Coriumzellen bestehen feine 

 Plasmabrücken. Die Hautverknöcherungen sind mesodermaler Natur und haben 

 Dentinstruktur. Der Hautpanzer des Cyclopterus steht dem Schuppenkleid 

 der Selachier näher als dem der Teleostier. Die einzelnen Hautverknöche- 

 rungen besitzen Kegelform und sind Verschmelzungsprodukte. Die Fragen 

 der Verwertbarkeit der Schuppen zur Altersbestimmung, zu variationsstatisti- 

 schen Untersuchungen und zur Systematik, namentlich zur Feststellung phylo- 

 genetischer Reihen, werden anregend diskutiert. Ausführliche Literaturnach- 

 weise über Beschuppung rezenter und fossiler Fische. J. Schaxel (Jena). 



885) Hagenlbach, E. (Basel), Photographie, Knochen, Radiogramme 

 und Skizzen einer 103 cm großen 41jährigen Zwergin. 



(Verh. Schweiz, nat. Ges. Vers. 93,1. p. 363—364. 1910.) 



M. Daiber (Zürich). 



886) Edgeworth, F. H. (University of Bristol), On the Morphology of 

 the Cranial Muscles in some Vertebrates. 



(Quarterly Journal of Micr. Science 56,2. p. 167—316. 100 text-figs. 1911.) 

 A detailed description and comparison of the development of the cranial 

 muscles, with a discussion of their bearing on the segmentation of the head 

 and the phylogenetic relation ships of the classes of vertebrata. The forms 

 investigated include two Elasmobranchs, three Ganoids, Salmo, Ceratodus, 

 five Amphibia, two Reptiles, a Bird and two Mammals. 



Doncaster (Cambridge). 



887) Pocock, R. J., On the Specialised Cutaneous Glands of Ru- 

 minants. 



(Proc. Zool. Soc. Part. 4. p. 840—986. 142 text-figs. 1910.) 



A comparative account of the anatomy, other than microscopic, of the 

 various specialised glands (preorbital, carpal, tarsal, pedal etc.) found in various 

 Ruminants. After these have been described in a large number of species, 

 their function and origin is discussed. Their function in most cases is re- 

 garded as being to enable the animals to find one another by the scent from 

 the glands. The pedal glands would leave their secretion on the ground as 

 the animal moves; the glands on the higher parts of the legs, and the inguinal 

 and crural glands would scent the ground where the animal has lain down. 

 The preorbital glands have partly at least a sexual significance: they are fully 

 developed only in the adult, often more so in the male, and remain in the 

 young condition in castrated males. It is suggested that these glands also 

 serve the same purpose as those mentioned above, for the animal sometimes 

 rubs the glands against objects in its neighbourhood, so leaving the scent. 



The secretion in inguinal sacs is supposed to be derived from the mam- 

 mary glands, with which they are closely associated. 



The foot glands are derived from the folding of an interdigital web, pro- 

 ducing a cleft; in cases where such clefts would be a source of weakness, as 



