g^Q 8. Abstammungslehre. 



1683) Bell, A. (Ms.), The basic Principles of Protective Colouration 

 in the Animal Kingdom. 



(Science Progress No. 22. p. 210—220. 1911.) 

 (Review and critique of Thayer's book on the subject.) 



Doncaster (Cambridge). 



1684) Manders, N., A factor in the production of mutual resem- 

 blance in allied species of Butterflies: a presumed Müllerian 

 combination of Euploeas in South India and Amauris in S. Africa. 



(Trans. Entom. Soc. Heft 2. p. 417-425. 1911.) 

 The species Euploea core, E. coreta and E. klugii from India have 

 been regarded as a Müllerian association. The author from observations on 

 the attacks of birds on so-called distasteful butterflies doubts the validity of 

 this hypothesis, and suggests that the resemblance is due to direct action of 

 climate. The distribution of each species is given, and it is shown tbat where 

 the species occur together they have similar geographical races. Experiment 

 proves that by subjecting the pupa of the Ceylon race of E. core to condi- 

 tions like those of the Nilgiri region, a butterfly like the Nilgiri race is pro- 

 duced. The probability therefore is that the three species are all iufluenced 

 similarly by changes in temperature and humidity, and hence have similar 

 local races in the same localities. The same explanation is offered with 

 regard to the races of Amauris echeria from Africa. 



Doncaster (Cambridge). 



1685) Walton, C. L., On Some Colour Variations and Adaptations 

 in Actiniae. 



(Journal of the Marine Biological Association 9,2. p. 228—235. 1911.) 



Suggests that colour in Actinians may be warning, aggressive, protective, 

 or having physiological significance. The amount of light to which the animal 

 is exposed, and the colour of the surroundings, have an effect in determi- 

 ning colour. Details are given with regard to colour-variation in connexion 

 with habitat etc., of several species. Doncaster (Cambridge). 



1686) Pocock, R. I. (Zoological Gardens, London), Some probable and 

 possible instances of Warning Characteristics amongst Insecti- 

 vorous and Carnivorous Mammals. 



(Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8,48. p. 150—157. 1911.) 

 The writer regards the offensive odour of Shrews (Sorex), Hedgehogs 

 (Erinaceus) and Musk-shrews (Crocidura) as protective, and points out 

 that shrews and Hedgehogs make little effort to conceal themselves, and that 

 the musk-shrew is conspicuously coloured. Evidence on these points is given. 

 Gymmura also has an offensive smell and is conspicuously coloured. The 

 same thing is probably found in Mungos cancrivora of Burma, and possibly 

 in certain Civets (Viverridae). Doncaster (Cambridge). 



1687) Becquerel, P. (Laboratoire de Botanique de la Faculte des Sciences 

 de Paris], A propos de la nouvelle espece de Bourse ä pasteur le 

 Capsella Vignieri Blaringhem. 



(Bull. Soc. Bot. de France 58,4/5. p. 376—378. 1911.) 



C. L. Gatin (Paris). 



1688) Buchet, S. (Laboratoire de Botanique de la Sorbonne), A propos 

 du Capsella Vignieri Blaringhem. 



(Bull. Soc. Bot. de France 58,4/5. p. 378—380. 1911.) 



