78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 



LoMViA RINGVIA, (BiUnn.) Brandt. 



Uria ringvia, Briinnich, Orn. Bor. i, 764, p. 28, No. Ill ; " linea a cantbo oculi 

 exterior! per latera capitis iiigrantia decurrit alba." Reinhardt, Bidrag. Na- 

 turg. p. 18. Naumann, Naturg. Vog. Deutsch. xii, 1847, p. 360, pi. 332. 

 Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbelth. Europ. 1840. p. 238. Gray, Genera Birds, 

 1849. iii, p. 644. Bryant, Proc. B. S. N. H. 1861, p. 7 '.. 

 Uria [Lomvia) ringvia, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii, 1837, p. 345. Bona- 

 parte, Tabl. Comp. Pelagiens, Comptes Rendus, 1856, xlii, p. 774. 

 Uria (Calaractes) ringvia, Cassin, Baird's B. N. A. 1858, p. 914. Two of the 

 specimens enumerated belong to californica, Bryant. Description that of true 

 ringvia. Boardman, Proc. B. S. N. H. Sept. 1862, p. 131. 

 Catarractes ringvia, Bryant, Monog. Gen. Cat. in Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1861, p. 8, 

 fig. 2. Verrill, Pr. B. S. N. H. 1862, p. 143. Id., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1863, p. 160. 

 Uria alga, Briinnich, Orn. Bor. 1764, p. 28, No. 112. RingviEe " simillima, ex- 



ceptis rectricibus totis nigris." 

 Coltnnbus langvia, " Plaff, Reise n. Isl. p. 562 ;" fide Brj-ant. 

 Colymhus troile, var. /?, Donndortf, Beytr. Zool. ii, pt. i, 1794, p. 875; quotes 



Briinnich's No. 112 {alga), and Latham's, No. 1, var. y (also alga). 

 Colymhus troile, var. y, Donndorff, Beytr. Zool. ii, pt. i, 1794, p. 876. " Colym- 

 bus anuulo oculorum et linea pone oculos albis." Quotes Miiller, Zool. dan. 

 Prod. p. 19, No. 152(/. 

 Uria lachrymans, La Pylaie. " f'horis. Voyages Pitt, autour du monde, 23 ;" 

 fide Bryant. Yarrell, Brit. Birds, iii, p. 351. Temminck, Man. iv, p. 574. 

 Gould, B. Eur. v, 1837, pi. 397. Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. B., ii, 1852, p. 326. 

 Uria leucopsis, Brehem, "Vog. iii, p. 880." 

 Uria leucophthalmos, Faber, Isis v. Oken, 1824, p. 146. Thompson, Nat. Hist. 



Ireland, iii, 1851, p. 211. 

 ZTria troille leucophlhalmus, Faber, Prod. Isl. Orn. 1822, p. 42. 

 Uria troile, Bonaparte, Synopsis, 1828, p. 424. Two species confused. Not 

 Colymhus troille Linn., nor Uria troille Briinn. Audubon, Orn. Biogr. 1835, 

 iii, p. 142, pi. 218, fig. 1 ; oct. ed. vii, pi. 473, fig. 1. Figure 2 represents 

 troile, of which the author considers the present species to be the adult. Gi- 

 raud. Birds Long Island, 1844, p, 376. 



American and European coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. On the 

 American coast, breeds in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; in winter ranges south to 

 the southern extremity of New England. Habitat the same as that of troile, 

 with which it is usually found in intimate association. Spec, in Mus. Acad. 

 Philada., Mus. Smiths. Inst., Cab. G. N. Lawrence. 



Absolutely identical with L. troile, except in having a white ring around, and 

 white line behind, the eye. The white ring occupies the margins of both eye- 

 lids, forming a perfect circle, posteriorly continuous with the white line which 

 occupies the furrow in the plumage, and is an inch or more long. 



The changes of plumage of this species, and the individual differences to 

 which it is subject, are absolutely identical with those of i. troile. The white 

 ring and line are usually, if not always, present in winter specimens. 



The white ring and line are said to be sometimes wanting. But specimens 

 without this character cannot be distinguished from L. troile. 



None of the specimens contained in American museums offer any grounds 

 for contradiction of the preceding statements. 



Such being the facts in the case, each one must be allowed to determine for 

 himself the relationship of L. ringvia. to L. troille, according to the notion he 

 may entertain of species. In forming an opinion, the facts must be borne in 

 mind that the two kinds of Guillemots are always found intimately associated, 

 and that they are known to copulate with each other. 



It is probable that the peculiar character upon which the species rests is an 

 individual peculiarity, not a specific difference. 



This bird appears to have been first described and named by Briinnich under 

 the designation ringvia. Alga of this author is the same bird without white 



[Jan. 



