Insecta. 15 



ween tlie spirochaets aud either Protozoa (Flagellata) or Cyanophyceae, but that 

 the group Spirochaetoidea should be ranged with the Bacteria. 



The points of agreement of Spirochaets and Bacteria are: (l) Possession of 

 an elongate, more or less spirally wound, non-cellular body [the author rejects 

 Gross' view that Spirochaets are multicellular]. (2) Antero-posterior polarity in 

 absent. (3) Presence of a pellicle. (4) Plasmolysability. (5) Metachromatic ("vo- 

 lutin") granules present — at least — larger forms. (6) Colouring matter absent. 

 (7) Cyanophycin granules absent. (8) Multiplication by transverse division — 

 simple or multiple. (9j Body markedly variable in length (within any species), 

 but not in breadth. 



With regard to "points of difference" froni Bacteria, the flexibility of Spiro- 

 chaets is discussed as an argument against their bacterial nature by the oc- 

 currence of certain flexible bacilli, and at least one flexible spirillum (Paraspirülnm)^ 

 a chambered structure of the protoplasm may occur in bacilli and spirilla, and 

 the author has found in certain spirilla an axial thickening of the pellicle pro- 

 bably horaologous with the crista of Gristispira and with the axial fibre of Spi- 

 rochaeta. 



The power of active movement without the aid of flagella or other organs 

 of locomotion is, howerer, not known in Bacteria. 



The author proposes to classify the Spirochaetoidea (containing the genera 

 Spirochaeta, Treponema, Cristispirn and Saprospira) as a class of the Haplobacteria 

 comparable with Coccoidea, Bacilloidea and Spirilloidea: 



I Cyanophy- 



SCHIZOPHYTAI ceae , Trichobacteria p ., 



[ / Coccoidea 



^BACTERIA HAPLOBAC- Bacilloidea o • t, . 



1 TERIA Spirilloidea (Spirochaeta 



SPIROCHAETOIDEA Treponema 



Cnsuspira 



l Saprospira 



The author has obtained "evidence of spore-formation or sexual pro- 

 cesses in any Spirochaet", and regards "as inconclusive all the evidence adduced 

 by others to prove the existence of these phenomena". 



He thinks it possible that many Spirochaets are transient forms of pleomor- 

 phic organisms, and suggests that "granules" and "spores" described in various 

 Spirochaets are "coccus forms of these bacteria". Lewin (Cambridge). 



Hierzu: Nr. 10, 19, 20, 67, 73. 



Insecta. 



48) Carpenter, Cf. H. (Dublin, Roy. Coli, of Sc), A newWestAfricanSpringtail. 

 In: Bull. Ent. Research, Bd. III, Heft 1, S. 79—80, Textfig., 1912. 



Isotoma {Isotoinina) fasciata n. sp., a species of Collembola from Benin, Nigeria, is 

 described and figured. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



49) Imms, A. D. (Forest Zoologist to the Government of India), On some Collem- 

 bola from India, Burma, and Ceylon; with a Catalogue of the Oriental 

 Species of the Order. In: Proc. Zool. See. London, Heft I, S. 80—125, PL VI— XII 

 und 2 Textfig., 1912. 



This important paper deals with 30 species of Collembola belonging to 20 genera. 

 Much of the material was collected by the author, in several parts of India, from the 

 plains up to an altitude of over 12 000 feet in the Himalayas: the material is thus deri- 

 ved from two zoo-geographical regions. Of the 30 species, 27 are new and 3 were already 

 known. 5 of them, belonging to as many genera, are palaearctic in affinities; these were 

 all found at elevations between 10000 and 12000 feet in the Himalayas, and all belong 

 to well-known genera. The remaining 25 species are oriental: among them it has been 



