Insecta. 19 



65) Edwards, F. W. (Brit. Mus.), Description of a new Species of Blepharo- 

 ceridae from South Africa [Dipt.]. In: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Bd. IX (Ser. 8), 

 S. Ö33— G34, PI. XX, 1912. 



The author describes and figures tbe larva, pupa, and imago of Kellngcßiia harnardi 

 sp. n., which was discovered in a stream on table Mountain, Cape Colony. The di.scovery 

 of K. harnardi is of considerablo interest since it is the first repreaentative of the re- 

 markable family Blepharoceridae discovered in Africa. Tlie genus Kellogglna was pre- 

 Tiously only known from Brazil. H. Scott (^Cambridge). 



66) Edwards, F. W., A Synopsis of the species of African Culicidae, other 

 thau Anophelcs. In: Bull. Ent. Research, Bd. III, Heft 1, S. 1—53, 1912. 



67) Nicholls, L., The transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms 

 by flies iu Saint Lucia [West Inclies]. In: Bull. Ent. Research, Bd. III, 

 Heft 1, S. 81—88, 5 Textfig., 1912. 



Human excreta were exposed in various places on different days for about 

 10 hours, and numerous ova and larvae of flies were deposited in them. The 

 following flies were bred out: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., which does not usu- 

 ally breed in such situations, but which breeds in all kinds of decaying fruits 

 and vegetables; Limosina piinctipennis Wied., the abdomen of which was found 

 to be distended with pure faecal matter on every occasion when it was caught; 

 Sepsis sp. ; and 3 species of Tachinidae, Sarcophaga aurifmis Walk., SarcopJtaga sp. 

 and Sarcophagida sp. The Drosopliila , Limosina and Sepsis force their eggs into 

 the faecal matter: the Tachinids deposit living larvae which immediately crawl 

 in. In all these species the larvae, when about to pupate, leave the faecal mass 

 and pupate at some distance from it. 



Experiments were undertaken to determine whether the insects can carry 

 micro-organisms from the larval, through the pupal, to the imago stage: the author 

 w^as led to the conclusion that micro-organisms are largely destroyed during de- 

 velopment of the fly, and that a newly-emerged fly would in many cases not be 

 infected. 



Notes are given on the transmission of micro-organisms by adult flies. The 

 author considers that the majority of cases of the disease yaws (framboesia) in 

 the West Indies are caused by inoculation of surface injuries by Oscinis pallipes 

 Lw. This fly is very numerous, feeding persistently on blood, pus, sebaceous 

 secretion etc., and it has been proved by experiment to be capable of remaining 

 infected by a micro-organism {Staphylococcus pyogenes) for 24 hours. Limosina 

 punctipennis, which lives and breeds almost exclusively on human excrement, will 

 often go some distance in search of water, and it has been experimentally shown 

 how easily it can infect food or drinking-w^ater. Observations are added on the 

 natural enemies of flies: the author concludes that in Saint Lucia for more flies 

 are destroyed by frogs and lizards than by birds, and that ants are the worst 

 enemies of flies during their larval and pupal stages. The oviposition of a Chalcid 

 parasite in the larva of SarcopJiaga is described and figured. 



H. Scott (Cambridge). 



68) Ingram, A. (West Afric. Med. Service), Notes on the mosquitoes 

 observed at Bole, Northern Territories, Gold Coast. In: Bull. Ent. 

 Research, Bd. III, Heft 1, S. 73—78, Textfig., 1912. 



Among notes on the larvae and breeding-habits of a number of species of 

 Culicidae, the author records an interesting Observation on the habits of Man- 

 sonoides uniformis Theobald. The larvae of this species were found in pits, 

 the water in which is owergrown with a floating Aroid Pistia stratiofcs Linn. 

 The larvae attach themselves by their siphons to the roots of this plant, below 



2* 



