20 tnsecta. 



the surface of tlie water, and will remain thus submerged for long periods: 

 the author saw larvae remain in the same position, submerged, for 45 minutes. 

 A fairly vigorous shaking is needed to detach the larvae from the roots of the 

 plant. The pupae can bring their respiratory trumpets together like a pair of 

 pincers, and with them they also grasp the roots of the plant. A vigorous sha- 

 king is also needed to detach them, though they do not remain submerged for 

 such long periods as the larvae. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



69) Jack, R. W. (Govemm. Entomol. for S. Rhodesia), Observations on the 

 breeding haunts of Glossina morsitans. In: Bull. Ent. Research, Bd. II, 

 Heft 4, S. 357—361, PL XVII— XXI, 1912. 



The author describes and illustrates the situations where he found a number 

 of pupae of Glossina morsitans. They were found in shaded places at the bases 

 of various kinds of trees (usually big trees), and almost always close to rivers: 

 in every case the pupae were in the soil, which however was loose and sandy 

 with much humus: they were either close to the base of the tree-trunk, or bet- 

 ween or under the exposed roots, or in humus in hoUows in the trunk (in one 

 case 2V2 feet above the ground). They were not found in the soil beneath bushes, 

 although it was of the same nature as that under the trees, and shaded: under 

 bushes they would be more exposed to the scratching of the abundant game- 

 birds, from which they are protected among the tree-roots. During the dry sea- 

 son G. morsitans congregates on the shady banks of rivers, and it is in such places 

 that the pupae were found: they were not found in the dry season at the bases 

 of trees in the shadeless forest away from rivers. But in the wet season, when 

 the forest is shady, G. morsitans is more generally distributed throughout it, and 

 the pupae also may then be more generally distributed: this may account for 

 the fact that in one case pupae were found at the base of a tree distant from 

 water. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



70) King, H.H. (Anglo-Egyption Sudan, Government Entomologist), Obser- 

 vations on the occurrence of Glossina in the Mongalla Province 

 of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In: Bull. Ent. Research, Bd. III, Heft 1, 

 S. 89—93, 1912. 



The author's notes refer to Glossina palpalis and G. morsitans. He has found 

 G. palpulis equally bloodthirsty at all liours of the day from dawn tili dusk; but 

 it is much less active on dull cloudy days, and even on sunny days a passing 

 cloud will cause a temporary reduction of its activity. It will follow men or ani- 

 mals as much as a mile away from its haunts. Five creatures liave been found 

 to prey on it: two kinds of birds (a bee-eater and another), a lizard, a spider, 

 and a mantid; it is doubtful if these enemies are of much economic importance. 

 The distribution of G. palpalis in the Lado District is discussed. A map is added 

 showing the distribution of G. palpalis and G. morsitans in the Southern Sudan. 



H. Scott (Cambridge). 



71) Kiiighoril, A. (N. Rhodesia, Luangwa Sleep. Sickness Commiss.), Notes 

 on the preliminary stages of Glossina morsitans WesU\. In: Bull. Ent. 

 Research, Bd. II, Heft 4, S. 291—295, 3 Textfig., 1912. 



The author made observations while breeding Glossina morsitans under la- 

 boratory conditions in Northern Rhodesia in the months June- August, the height 

 of the dry season. The flies were kept in wide-mouthed tubes, the moutlis of 

 which were closed with mosquito-netting, and were fed daily on native fowls. 



