362 Fortpflanzung. 



like body which is connected by radiating threads with a peripheral reticulum. 

 During prophase the chromatin is passed along these radial threads to certain 

 marginal threads which form the spireme. The number of chromosomes is 6, and 

 these is no reduction in number during the last spermatogenous division. In the 

 telophase of this division the chromosomes unite end to end and form a coarse 

 reticulum. The chromatin gradually leaves this reticulum to collect in a central 

 nucleolus-like mass. During the anaphase of this division a particle of chroma- 

 tin is usually detached from each chromosome-group and passes into the cyto- 

 plasm. Centrosome-like bodies are present during this last division, which per- 

 sist in the cytoplasm and become the blepharoplast of the spermatid. During 

 formation of the sperm an arched band developes, probably from the extruded 

 chromatin bodies. This becomes connected with the blepharoplast and encloses 

 the elongated nucleus. 



It was also found that the ventral canal nucleus did not fuse with the egg 

 nucleus, as described by Leeuwen-Reijnvaan. There is, therefore, the same al- 

 ternation between generations with x and 2x chromosomes as in other plants. 



Gates (London). 



1154) Woodburu, W. L. (North -Western University, 111.), Spermatogenesis 

 in Blasia ptisilla L. In: Annais of Botany, Bd. 27, Heft 1, S. 93—101, 

 PI. 11, 1913. 



The account of spermatogenesis in this Liverwort pays special attention to 

 the cytoplasmic structures. Each spermatogenous cell divides into two sperma- 

 tids lying side by side in the cell. The mature sperms are formed by the direct 

 transformation of the spermatids. The blepharoplast apparently arises de novo 

 in the cytoplasm of each spermatid, appearing first as a small spherical body, 

 which elongates and bears the cilia. The writer believes that the blepharoplast 

 is not only a cilia-former, but that it actively shapes the nucleus and thus deter- 

 mines the pointed, elongated, coiled form of the sperm. Gates (London). 



1155) Blackmail, Y. H. and Welsford, E. J., Fertilization in Lilium. In: 

 Annais of Botany, Bd. 27, Heft 1, S. 111—114, PI. 12, 1913. 



Na w aschin has shown that in FritiUaria, JugJans and HeUanthus the male 

 cells are very probably motile. The writers have shown that the same is true of 

 Lilium. Though this is such a common laboratory type, no critical figures sho- 

 wing the details of fertilization have been published. The writers show that 

 the male elements are nuclei anii not cells, Nawaschin having also shown that 

 the generative cell loses its cytoplasm, even before it divides to form the two 

 male cells. 



Both male nuclei in Lilium are found to be elongated, coiled, and usually 

 pointed at one end, this probably being the anterior end in movements through 

 the cytoplasm. The male nucleus which unites with the, polar nuclei was found 

 to be larger and more contorted than that which fuses with the female nucleus. 

 These vermiform male nuclei exhibit a rather coarse reticular structure, and in 

 some cases the reticulum of the female nucleus also becomes coarse before fusion 

 Avith the male nucleus. It is believed that a chemotactic influence brings the 

 two pronuclei together. The pollen tube also contains certain dark staining bo- 

 dies whose nature is doubtful. Gates (London). 



1156) Gray, J. (Cambridge, University), The Effects of Hypertonie Solu- 

 tions upon the fertilized eggs of Echinus. In: Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc, 



