Beattie. — 0)1 the Anatomy of the lied Cod. 75 



The Liver : In the natural position of parts the liver covers 

 almost the whole of the alimentary organs. It is attached at 

 the anterior end of the abdomen, and terminates freely at the 

 posterior end. It is a large yellowish-brown-coloured organ 

 (fig. 3), consisting of a long left lobe (l.l.), a right lobe (r.l.) 

 much shorter than the left, and a short middle lobe {in.L). 

 While agreeing with Gadus morrhua in these points, it differs 

 in the fact that all three lobes are distinctly divided into 

 lobules. Consequently the edges of the lobes have an irregular 

 outline. 



In the left lobe there are two rather large lobules, the 

 anterior one {lob. 2) overlapping the posterior one Qoh. 1). 

 Each of these is again di^'ided into a number of less marked 

 and much smaller lobules. 



The central lobe is divided into four very distinct lobules 

 (lob. 1-4), while the right has two well-marked ones (lob. 1 

 and 2). 



The spleen is a smooth dark-red body of elongated form 

 lying dorsad of the stomach. The gall-bladder (fig. 2) is an 

 ovoidal sac filled with bright-green bile, situated about the 

 middle of the abdominal cavity towards the right side. From 

 it there passes forwards the cystic duct, which almost at its 

 anterior end dilates, forming a sac-shaped body {d.c). At this 

 point it is joined by the hepatic ducts from the liver. 



There are nine of these hepatic ducts. The 8th and 7tli 

 and the 6th and 5th unite, forming each a common branch 

 before opening into the cystic duct. The duct formed by the 

 union of the cystic and hepatic ducts — -the common bile-duct 

 — opens into the intestine just beyond the pylorus. 



The walls of the cystic duct are unequally thickened. I 

 di-aw this conclusion from the fact that when the bile is- 

 forced through the duct the walls become covered with well- 

 marked dilatations, giving them a regular tuberculated ap- 

 pearance. 



The Eelative Position of the Chief Organs : Through the 

 kindness of Professor Parker I was permitted to avail myself 

 of his privilege and have some specimens frozen at the Burn- 

 side Eefrigerating Works. They were kept in the chamber 

 three days ; the freezing operations at Burnside having been 

 stopped the day I took my specimens. However, at the end 

 of that time they were found to be sufficiently hardened. Sec- 

 tions were made with a small saw, each section wrapped in 

 calico, and transferred to weak spirits for a few days before 

 being mounted. From these sections, and by means of dis- 

 section, I have made out the topography of the chief organs 

 as follows : The gullet passes from the mouth-cavity back 

 into the stomach, which lies immediately below the air- 

 bladder, and immediately above the ventral body-wall (fig. 10). 



