Hill. — On the Kidnapper and Fohul Cunijlunierate.s. 351 



passed over the entire couutry between Tongoio and the Wai- 

 patiki Creek, and between the h\tter place and Moaeangiangi, 

 and at the end of November hist year I had the oppor- 

 tunity of going in a steamer from Mohaka to Moae- 

 angiangi and Arapawanui, thence to Waij^atiki and Tongoio, 

 keeping close in shore the whole way. As far as I could 

 judge after most careful observation, there; appears to be no 

 lanconformability between any of the beds belonging to the 

 series, and I agree entirely with Mr. Cox in this matter. The 

 blue marls and clays which form the entire cliifs from Mohaka 

 to Moaeangiangi are the lowest beds of the series. They are 

 seen to underlie the limestones at Moaeangiangi, and they 

 disappear a little to the south of Arapaw-anui. These are 

 overlain by bluish-brown sands, followed by limestones corre- 

 spondiug to the lowest of the Napier limestones. At the 

 Waipatiki Creek blue and brown clay-marls rest on the lime- 

 stones, and these are followed by limestones, the arrangement 

 being exactly similar to that seen between Sturm's Gully and 

 Breakwater Point on Scinde Island. 



For myself, I cannot see any distinction between the 

 limestones at the ]^lack Reef, Scinde Island (lower). Lower 

 Waipatiki, and Te Whaka near Pohui, and the evidence in 

 favour of contemporaneity appears to me as overwhelming. 

 They all rest upon bluisli-browa sands, which run into the 

 imderlying blue clay-marls, just as they are seen at the Kid- 

 nai^pers proper, at Moaeangiangi, at Maungaharuru, at Pata- 

 ngata, and in the district between Hampden and Maraeka- 

 kaho. These blue clay-marls all trough in the direction of 

 Hawke's Bay, as I have elsewhere indicated, and as Sir James 

 •Hector pointed out years ago. The entire series of limestones 

 and interbedded clays are succeeded or were succeeded by the 

 seriea belonging to the Kidnapper pumice and conglomerates 

 which have been here described. 



And that this arrangement as to the stratigraphy of the 

 rocks in this district is the correct one, we have, in further 

 proof, the facts gathered from the nun\erous sinkings for 

 artesian water that have been made on the Heretaunga Plain, 

 as also at Napier, Pctane. and Puketapu. To the north and 

 north-west of the Napiei- Hills, sinkings have been pu*t dowai 

 to a depth of 400ft., and the lowei- Napier limestones were 

 struck at that depth a little beyond the Petane end of the 

 Ahuriri bridge. This is exactly what nn'ght have been 

 expected from the dip of the limestones in this direction. A 

 well put down in May of the present year at Mr. Torr's, 

 Petane Valley, to a depth of 100ft., simply passed through the 

 shingle- and sand-beds full of brackish water which are met 

 with along the sea-beach from Awatoto to Napier at a similar 

 depth. The Napie)- marls or Petane clays are on either side 



