80 Frederick H. Krecker, 



immediately proximad of theni the cells are drawn out into nerve fibers 

 which converge meso-ventrad to form a slender nerve that almost 

 immediately joins tlie nerve leading to the accessory eye of its side, 

 just before it enters the brain (Fig. 12). This connection can be seen 

 best in the 3rd or 4th nymph stage when the nerve to the accessory 

 eye is a comparatively thin cord, whose subsequent growth obscures 

 the relation between the two. 



Of the three pairs of eyes just described, the most interesting are 

 the ventral accessory pair because of their relation to the mouth parts. 

 As mentioned at the beginning, the opinion has long been prevalent 

 that they replaced the mouth parts, a view that arose from the fact 

 that these disappear when the eyes develop. For some reason the 

 investigations of Berelese regarding this relation have been over- 

 looked. As long ago as 1893 in his excellent work on the Coccidae, 

 »Le Coccinigle Italiane Viventi sugli Agrumi«, he furnished a good 

 description of the buccal opening, and its relation to the Oesophagus 

 in the early nymphal stages of the male. However, no drawing was 

 given. 



Since so little is known concerning this subject, it might be well 

 to give in a few words the results of Berelese's work. The earliest 

 important modifications take place in the first nymphal stage. The 

 rostrum changes entirely, and the mandible-maxillary bristles are 

 gradually absorbed, the only indication of them being a prominent, 

 fleshy papilla on the ventral side of the head. From this papilla the 

 Oesophagus, in the form of a narrow cylindrical tube runs directly to the 

 third pair of legs passing between the circumoesophageal commissure 

 and then above the suboesophageal ganglion. 



In my own examination of the third nymphal stage, I found the 

 fleshy papilla and caudad of it, but slightly cephalad of the prothoracic 

 legs an opening into the Oesophagus, which latter runs dorso -cephalad 

 to a point just caudad of the cephalic ganglion where it passes between 

 the circumoesophageal commissure. The alimentary tract then turns 

 caudad and extends along the dorsal side of the ventral ganglion. 

 In this same stage there is to be seen the hypodermal thickening 

 from which the eyes develop. It is situated some distance from the 

 buccal opening, cephalad of the papilla and separated from it by a 

 deep groove (Fig. 13). 



From these facts one sees that after the eyes have begun to 

 develop the mouth opening is still present and independent of the 

 former, a condition that shows conclusively that it is impossible for 



