Scott. — Osteology of the Maori and Moriori. 3 



quently broken, or altered by absorption consequent on loss of 

 teeth, and in many skulls a true alveolar point did not exist. 

 But, while even moderate absorption of the alveolar arch in front 

 materially shortens those vertical measurements of the face 

 which have their lower end at the alveolar point, the distance 

 between the basion and the centre of the alveolar arch is not 

 altered to the same extent. I have therefore sometimes given 

 the basi-alveolar length in skulls whose ophryo-alveolar, naso- 

 alveolar, and spino-alveolar lengths I have omitted. 



Facial Angle {Ophnjo-spino-auricular Angle). — This is the 

 angle made by the ophryo-spinal and auriculo-spinal lines. 

 It was measured by means of the goniometer designed for the 

 purpose by Professor Broca, and made by Mathieu, of Paris. 



Projection of the Zygomatic Arches .— Tin's, is shown by the 

 terms " phaenozygous " and "cryptozygous," introduced by the 

 late Mr. Busk. In estimating this feature the skull was 

 placed on a Topinard's craniophore, with the condyles and al- 

 veolar point in one horizontal plane. If the zygomatic arches 

 were visible to the observer's right eye placed at a distance of 

 one metre vertically above the bregma, the skull was noted as 

 Phsenozygous. If they were invisible it was noted as Crypto- 

 zygous. In the tables the letters P and C are used to 

 signify these conditions. When P alone is used, I mean that 

 the arches, though visible, are not seen as free from the side 

 of the skull. P + means that the interval between the arch 

 and the skull can be seen from above. 



Other Face-measurements .—The^e require but little ex- 

 planation. They were all, excepting those of the palate, 

 taken in strict accordance with Broca's directions. The 

 jmlate was measured in the way proposed by Professor 

 Flower,* and adopted by Sir Wilham Turner. The length 

 given is the distance between the alveolar point and a line 

 drawn between the most posterior parts of the maxillary 

 tuberosities. The breadth includes the alveolar arch, and is 

 measured at the level of the second molar tooth. 



Indices. — The following are the indices selected, with the 

 formulae by which they are calculated : — 



^ , ,. . , Maximum transverse diameter x 100 



Cephalic index . . . . ^, , ,, :—. — =-; ~ 



UrJabello-occipital length 



Vertical index .. .. Basj-bregmat^eight_xJOO 



Glabello-occipital length 



Frontal index .. .. Minimum frontal diameter x 10 



Maximum transverse diameter 



Index of foramen magnum .. Width of foramen magnum x 100 



Length of foramen magnum 



*"The Cranial Characters of the Natives of the Fiji Islands" 

 Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1880. 



