Scott. — Osteology of the Maori and Moriori. 



59 



and gives 68*4 as their mean ; while 68-27 is the average of 

 Broca's measurements of fifteen of the same race. The 

 twenty-eight Andamanese measured by Flower and Turner 

 have an average index of 67 "S. 



The astragalus shows no obvious peculiarity beyond the 

 presence of a facet on the upper surface of the neck for 

 articulation with the corresponding surface on the tibia 

 already mentioned. This facet varies in distinctness, but it is 

 almost always present. 



The OS Calais in several respects differs from the ordinary 

 European type. The posterior part of the bone is narrower, 

 and the tuberosity is usually more prolonged on to the under- 

 surface, the upper smooth and the lower rough parts of the 

 tuberosity being placed at a distinct angle to each other, both 

 sloping forwards from their line of junction. The articular 

 facet on the anterior part of the upper surface, which is so 

 frequently present in Europeans, occurs in all the Maori bones 

 examined, and is in almost all cases continuous with the sur- 

 face on the upper face of the sustentaculum tali. I have 

 also noticed in six bones a narrow facet at the upper and 

 outer angle of the anterior surface of the bone for articulation 

 with the scaphoid. I have no doubt that all these modifica- 

 tions are due to the same cause — the habitual adoption of the 

 squatting posture. 



Vertebral Column (Moriori). 



The measurements of four incomplete columns are given in 

 Table IV. 



Cervical Vertebrcs. 



In only two columns are the cervical vertebrae in a suffi- 

 ciently perfect condition to allow of the measurements for the 

 cervico-vertebral index being made. In these the average 

 index is 107'9, showing the greatest depth of the vertebral 

 bodies to be behind. 



The condition of the cervical spines is shown in the follow- 

 ing table : — 



In one of the four atlas vertebrae examined the groove for 

 the right vertebral artery was completely bridged by bone ; 



