96 Transactions. — Zoology. 



mubh like bunches of very small red- currants as anything 

 else, and in their last grey state they are very like little seed- 

 vessels. The average length of a fullj-^-formed gall, inclusive 

 of the little stalk, is about |^in. The gall is hollow : the 

 exterior surface minutely wrinkled, the interior smooth : the 

 walls are thin, and in an old specimen they are seen to be 

 double. At the thin end of the pear, at the point where it 

 expands from the stalk, is a minute orifice. This appears to 

 exist at all ages, but it is not easy to detect it in the earlier 

 states, and possibly it may more generally not be open until 

 late. At the larger end, inside, there is a small circular saucer- 

 shaped projection in which the female insect lies : the diameter 

 of this saucer (at full growth) is about -^in. The saucer, the 

 insect, and the interior surface of the gall are frequently 

 powdered with thin white meal. 



The male pupae occupy the same gall as the females. 



The larvae (presumably) escape through the small orifice, 

 and wander over the twigs to find a suitable resting-place. In 

 the earliest, soft, green galls examined the small saucer was 

 seen to be very rudimentary, the hollow interior of the gall 

 being mainly occupied by the second stage of the female ; and 

 in some of the specimens arrived at the red state the already 

 adult female was seen in the saucer with the exuviae of the 

 second stage still attached. In the hard grey fully-formed 

 galls there were found sometimes only females full of eggs, 

 sometimes also at the same time a small cylindrical mass of 

 white cotton, coiled up in a circle, in which were embedded as 

 many as thirty male pupge, very symmetrically arranged with 

 their tails turned towards the large end of the gall, and thus 

 surrounding the already-impregnated female. 



The adult female is red, darkening with age, subcircular, 

 slightly concave beneath and not very convex above, lying in 

 the saucer-like projection within the larger end of the gall, and 

 attached to it by the rostrum, which is situate on a rather 

 thick and prominent ventral boss. Diameter of the insect 

 about a^in. Antennae very minute, the joints much confused 

 and very short : there may be five or six joints, without any 

 hairs. Feet entirely absent. Eostrum rather large and irre- 

 gular; the mentum is rounded, and appears to be dimerous. 

 Anal tubercles absent. Anal ring simple, hairless. Dorsal 

 epidermis bearing many small circular multilocular spinnerets, 

 which are most numerous near the margins. There are also 

 many long spiny hairs, which are scanty on the median region, 

 but numerous iind conspicuous round the margin ; and not far 

 from the abdominal extremity there is a region where long 

 hairs are arranged in a wide ring. There are four large 

 thoracic spiracles. 



The second stage of the female (which, as observed just 



