Vauk.— }/<rr/h()rov;//i i'odstaJ Moniineti <inil Wa'taii dhicidl Valley. 521 



been fonued by an ice-sheet that descended from the Kaikoura Mountains 

 to what is now the shore-Une of the north-east portion of the South Island. 



There is indisputable evidence that the confluent glaciers which formed 

 this ice-sheet extended eastward beyond the present strand, but just how 

 far cannot be determined until more data are available. 



At the mouth of Keke- 

 rangu River the moraine- 

 material rises into bold 

 headlands over 400 ft. high, 

 and, moreover, forms rocky 

 ledges and reefs that can be 

 traced seawards for some half 

 mile, mitil they disappear 



■^i*' 



in the deep water. 



Three miles north of Keke- 

 rangu River, at Shaw's Falls, 

 there is a considerable de- 

 velopment of morainic 

 material ; and at many points 

 between that place and Lake 

 Grassmere, and between Lake 

 Grassmere and the Wairau 

 Valley at Blenheim, much 

 glacial debris of a similar 

 character is to be seen. 



In the Kekerangu Valley, 

 alDout two miles from the 

 sea, a strip of glacial moraine 

 composed of material identi- 

 cal with that found in the 

 coastal moraines is entangled 

 in a powerful fault that fol- 

 lows the foot of the range. 

 This faulted moraine is beau- 

 tifully exposed in the • steep 

 banks of Heaver's Creek (see 

 Plate XX). 



At the mouth of Shades 

 Creek there are two bands of 

 morainic material — namely, a 

 narrow band entangled in a 

 fault-plane close to the point 

 where the main coastal road 

 crosses the stream, and a 

 broader band parallel with 

 the first and about 30 chains 

 to the westward. This second greater band varies from 10 to iO chains 

 wide, and extends from the south side of Shades Creek northward two miles 

 or more towards Kekerangu, crowning and forming the coastal ridge which 

 culminates at Deadman's Hill, 1,070 ft. high. 



The Shades Moraine is splendidly exposed to view in the sea face of 

 Deadman's Hill, along the foot of which the Blenheim coach-road passes 

 southwards to Kaikoura. Enormous 1)locks of grey Amuri Hmestone are 



i— I i— i p^-^' 



iChaips 



Map showing Kektjrangxi and Shades Moraines 

 Marlborough. 



A. Kelavanou Moraine. B. Shades Moraino. 



