12 FroceedvKjs. 



a mighty thrust into its body, and it fell dead in the water. Then its mate flew 

 down, only to bo killed in the same way. Now Pukirehu climbed up to the eyrie, 

 where he found the bones of many men who had been killed by the Poxiahawaiki. 

 He also found and killed two chicks, one of which was just ready to Hy. 



They said that the Maoris brought dogs with them when tiiey came front 

 Hawaiki. The descendants of some of these ran wild in the bush. Some of the 

 domestic ones were kept for food and some for hunting. Their myth as to the 

 creation of the first dog somewhat resembles Kipling's story " How the Elephant 

 got his Trunk" : Two brothers once went out hunting. One of them went down 

 on his hands and knees to allow his brother to comb his hair. Then his brother 

 made him stay down, and pulled his nose till it grew long like a dog's nose, and 

 his ears till they became like a dog's ears. So he went on, till the man became 

 a dog and ate dirt. When they went home their father said, "Where is your 

 brother?" The son said, "Here he is," and whistled, and the dog ran up. This 

 is a debased form of the story of Irawaru given to Wohlers by the Ngai-Tahu of 

 Ruapuke Island. 



War. 



The Poutini Ngai-Tahu were not a fighting race. Excepting the fights against 

 taiias from the North Island which invaded the Poutini coast in the years 182.' 

 and 1836, their only regular warfare consisted in border skirmishes with Ngati- 

 tu-mata-kokiri to the north of them. When defeated, they scattered into the bush. 

 It is said that the natives of Greymouth retreated by canoe up the Grey and the 

 Arnold into Lake Brunner. This was denied by those interrogated. The idea of 

 keeping the existence of the passes secret for strategic reasons had not occurred 

 to them. The paths of the tauas were the ordinary trade-routes. 



Greejistone. 



The paper next deals with the working, cutting, and marketing of greenstone, 

 after which it treats of mythology and traditions. It is interesting to find a 

 branch of the Maori race shut off for so many centuries from the northern tribes 

 telling exactly the same story of the coming of the Tainui and Arawa canoes as 

 is told by the tribes of the North Island. The incidents are those of the well- 

 known story, though the names of the canoes are not given. They had, as was 

 natural, an intimate knowledge of the story of Tama-Ahua, discoverer of the 

 greenstone. The most interesting variation from the published version was sup- 

 plied by Jacob, who said that Tama-Ahua blew the dart, putting his hand to 

 his mouth to illustrate. There are in the MS. fragments of other legends of which 

 fuller versions have been printed ; and there are indications of legends that nov 

 never can be told. At the present day time would only be wasted in regrets. 



One tale which was given in fuller detail than in any published version is the 

 well-known one of Eaureka. Raureka was the mad woman of the Ngati-Wairangi 

 Tribe who, about the year 1700, discovered Browning's Pass, and, pushing on 

 across it, descended the eastern slopes of the Alps. Following down the course of 

 a stream, she came on a party of Ngai-Tahu shaping a canoe somewhere near the 

 present site of Geraldine. Seeing, perhaps, that she was mad, they did not 

 interfere with her. She watched their cutting, which was slow, for their adzes 

 were made of toki uri, or basalt. Taking from her bundle a little packet, she 

 showed them what all versions of the story agree in calling the first piece of 

 greenstone the eastern tribes had seen. Now, we know well from archaeological 

 research, as well as from other traditions, that greenstone was known to Maoris 

 in all parts of New Zealand long before the time of Raureka, and this contradic- 

 tion has caused historians a good deal of trouble. Stack, in his " History of the 

 South Island Maoris," has no satisfying solution to offer, and Mr. Justice Chapman, 

 in what will probably long remain the classic essay on the working of greenstone, 

 leaves the question open. The true explanation of the story as we now have it 

 seems to be that in the course of generations the emphasis has been moved on to 

 the wrong point of the story. The story did, as might be guessed from its per- 

 sistence, enshrine an event of the greatest importance. That event was not the 

 discovery of the greenstone, but the discovery ot a new and easy road to it. Before 

 Raureka's lifetime, doubtless, greenstone ornaments and weapons had been rare. 

 Parties in search of the stone had been faced either by a canoe voyage along a 

 stretch of rugged and storm-beaten coast, or by a long and difficult journey on 

 foot around the coast from Arapaoa to the Arahura. The boldest might well be 



