13 BBcKrinioN or i>akt5. 



tlen<lvr than the thigh, arxl Ih r(>nne<-ti<<l with it Uy n Joint similar to • kn<«-Ji>inl, railed 

 giAj^liiniii (iirtlriilatlon) : it l-* ;«> n>rnii'<l that it iiiiiy l»o rliuwij np|>li<-<l t<i ihi* thiRh. S|>inr8 

 ami sjMipi urr nl-i r>iiiiil ii|h.ii iIh- tiMji <>r ^ll«nk : whrn thr ^|>in^•s nn* »h<>rt, they arr 

 rrgnnU-<l a* tivlh. Th«- «.|>iir» an< artiriiliitid with tin- |>iirl, and |K.*M-t«« uttuv nji>ti<>n : llioy 

 are oimiu'iil) arranijiil in pain at ihi* rxtn-iiiity ipf «'nrh tibia. 



The til»ia liTininati'* \<r\>'W in ihr //irrM»,i>r foot : tliiit r«>nsl»t!' of a •nTi«-?><>f i'i«c«i«, nifm 

 or lat!t heart ^llnlH■<l, and neviT rxw-^-tlln^ five in niunU-r. The e<>iiiliine«l motion of the*** 

 |>leco9 i<t ronHlderalile, lhoii!;h it it siirh a.H Itelong* to the (^ingliniua artirtilation : they are 

 never of e.iiial len«lh, and llie flnt one is the longest of all. The terminal pii-ce luar* a 

 hlftd rlaw, ••Hen dent^Ue or S4Tniteon the iNJuj'ft ; ami a ••|iurii>u<« claw is frttjnently found 

 between the l>mn<he<«. In aildition ti> the fon-nnnii'^l parts, we often find rn>hions plarrd 

 iH>.»n the Uitt-'Hi of the foot, wliicli «.<TVe as siirliliin •'Ups. enahlinf; the in-'t-et to Mipjtort 

 itvlf in a {M-ndant |M>>ition. Hair, alv) clothe the sole. 



The fondeiTs iiflenexhiliit a P-rni more or le^sdivenjent fmm the others, and hence jer^e 

 au mldltional j'nriK>s<' in the e«Miioniy of the ins«-ct : they an* einploycil in i>n'hen.sion. 

 So it Is sometimes the easi- that the himlli*f;s have a form sjM'cially adapteil to a [)articular 

 par]x>se, such as the ndlini; of the hall in which the exirs an* encl<«e<l, etc. 



The tliinl part of the IxkIv of an insect, which calls for our attention, is the aUlomrn : 

 It h.is no apiM'riila'.;e,nnd in this r<-iix-ct differs from the parts ainady noticed. Its external 

 structure is not j«m iiliar ; for, lilic the other i>art<, it is com|><'M-<l of a s«'ries of horny rings 

 or s««^ininls, which are c|os«dy c..iiii«»te«l toj^elher. The rings do not excr«xl nine in num- 

 her : if they a]i|N-ar to Ix- fewer than nine, it may arisi- from the overlapping of adjacent 

 onci. A .se<lion of the alMlomen e\hil>its a triangular outline. The alnlomen it.>-t If is united 

 to the llionix, hut not always in the smic way : the nn-a of jtuiction is sometimes broad, 

 or opi.il to that of the flr^t segment ; in other eases the uni»«n is by a short stem, or pcliulc, 

 oonsisting of a trum|M't shaiK'<l ln)>e : the aUlonn-n is M-S'sile in the former ca-M?, and pe- 

 tiolated in the latter. The rings or vegnients are unit«il to each olh« r in two ways : by the 

 first, the inferior and niiildle parts are joined or soldered togither. leaving the sitles and 

 donial [H.rtions only fn-e ; by tin- second way, there is no soldering of parts, but tlie rings 

 aro supjforted by overlapping each other, and may slide into each other like the pieces of 

 a telescope. In the fortm-r miwle, m aion is rwtricted, while the greatest frei-dom exiMs in 

 lh« latter. The se;;nient< are lined by a membrane, but it is scarcely visible except in the 

 oa» of a gravid femah>, when it is M-en distendeil like a Img 



Th" .aUlimen, ln-ing comp.initivi ly lYt-e, is well llttol to su>-tain the function of n^pira- 

 lion. To this i-ml, ea<h s<gnn'nt or rin,' is furnishe«l with an o|«<-ning f-r the trunsmi.^^ion 

 of air, which p netnites thence in appropriate vess«ds throughout the whole Usiy. Thr*« 

 openings are surriiinde<l by rings, and are usually denomiruite<l sptrac/ts. As the aUlcmcn 

 it deroted to digestion, and is also the cavity in which the generative organs are loilgrd. it 



