(ii\pti:k Mil. 



OHDKU 111 OKTHOPTERA (Olivikr). 



This onlrr ( thr Hf-miit^ilra <if I.iN.t.crst) cnihrHct* ih<><«r iu.s<<-ta »ht>s<' \tings, whrn at 

 n>$t, arc r<)lcl«-d l«>iiKitu<iinal)y u|miii the- lHHl\,iin<l {ircMiit ii straight catlini' : fi>r tbi* 

 rea.<tou tlu-v liavf n'««'ivi'«l the ilfMi^nutiun orthopltra, uhirh litenill} mvaaii itratgktxctna^td. 

 In tiib naiiK-, llu-n, we {x-rcfivi* one uf the di.ttinKuishing characteristics uf the order. In 

 '^ (iition, however, to this single rhumrter, we find their winf^s foltlcd like a fan : they 



ve also a pair corresponding to the elytra in Uetles, which are ul'a leathery consistence, 

 and {M-rfonn the Mime otlire, (hat of protecting the delirale wing iM-nenlh. Iheir wings 

 and winK-ciivers are dellectt-d ujm.ii the sides of the ImkIv, forniing an ancle with the top, 

 and, besides these jMcnliaritiis. tliey ovirlaji each other tijMin the i>nck. Ky this arrange- 

 ment, the males are Inrnished with organs wherewith to produce diflen nt sounds, while 

 a particular m<Klilication of the organ tnables e.tch s]>ccies to fi>rin its peculiar note. 



Orth'ipterous insects arc provided with jaws which move transversely, similar to beetles, 

 and hence the name mandibulala applies to them. 



Another and still more important characteristic is found in the kind of metamorphosis 

 they undergo. In this resjKCt, they (lifllr greatly fn^m l)eetles and the butterflies : their 

 metamorphoses or transformations are incomplete ; their young, in the early stages of life, 

 resemble the parents in miniature, their wings being the most imjK-rfect parts ; they eat 

 and move about like the adult, and, like the young in other cl«sse<, they grow until they 

 reach the perfect state. Fn'm these comparisons, we see why they should be separated from 

 the beetles, and placed by themselves in an order expressive of the characteristics that 

 belong to them. 



The order has been divided into four sections, formed from differences of habit due to 

 the peculiar construction of the organs of locomotion. Tlie sections have received their 

 names fmm the mo<ies in which these organs are used : the first embraces the hi >m.rs, 

 Orthoplcra cursoria ; the second, the r.RAsrr.ns, Orthoplera raploria ; the thinl, the 

 WALKr.na, Orthopttra nmbulatoria ; and the fourth, the jimpebs, Orlhoptrra mllntoria. 



In the section comprising the runners, we find the cockroaches ; in that of the graspers, 

 the mantis, whose forelegs arc used as arms and hands ; in that of the walkers, the 

 walkingsticks ; and in the section of Jumper*, the grawhopfers and locust* 



