FAMILY NYMPHALID^. 207 



elm, from tlic hranchcs of which it often hangs in clusters ; and when once stripped of 

 its fuliiu;e by the larvse of this species, which are m<>re numerous some years than others, 

 the tree rarely recovers. 



The pupa is suspended by its tail from the underside of a stone or rail, an<l is pointed 

 and armed with a double row of spines ujion its ventral surface. 



The antiope or willow biUter/ly aurvWvf, the winter : it seeks a warm secluded place, and 

 hence in the spring it apjiears early. The young buttertly conie.s forth from the chrj Balis 

 state in July ; and in August a second brood of caterpillars ajipear, which jiass through 

 their changes before winter. 



In consideration of the extensive injury these caterjtillars inflict upon some of our best 

 kinds of shade trees, it is very desirable that they should be destroyed, by shaking them 

 from the limbs on which they congregate, and crushing them under the foot. It is only by 

 taking this advantage of its larval state, that the increase of the species can be effectually 

 checked. 



Vanessa interrogationis. Semicolon Butterfly ( Harris). ( Plate xxxv, fig. 5.) 



Head and body brown, hairy. Anterior wings angulated and reddish or dark reddish 



orange, with their borders broadly .shaded with black and obscurely marked with 



reddish spots, of which the longest is situated at the superior and outer ancle, and 



dotted or marked within with black : middle spotted with seven angular black spots. 



Posterior wings all black except their bases, but the black is not sufficient to conceal 



rows of reddish spots : posterior and lateral margin edged with a black line, within 



whicli there is a reddish white line extending and spreading over the short tails. 



Underside of both pairs of wings the color is rust-red or marbled : the border of the 



hindwing is also ornamented with faint bluish green lunate spots. The centre has the 



pale silvery comma. Expansion of wing, 2 J - 2^ inches. 



The caterpillar is spinous, brownish and variegated with yellow and brown, and lives 



upon the hop. 



There seems to be some variety in the markings of this butterfly, though the general 

 pattern is much the same. 



Vanessa progne ( Fabricius). Progne Buttcrfy. 

 Antennse brown : knob dark brown, tipped with lighter ; outside spotted with black and 

 wliite ; beneath light lirown. Head with a black spot at the base of the palpi. Body 

 brown, light beneath and jilack above. Wings angulated, brown, and spotted with 

 black. A.NTEUioR wings : Outer margin black, marked near the centre with five 

 round spots placed in a right angle : above and near the margin there is an oblong 



