DIGESTIVE APPARATUS OF BIRDS. 
185 
siderable modification of form, resulting from the fact that, as 
these animals do not masticate their food, they require some 
(Esophagus 
Ventriculus) 
SuccenturiatusJ 
Gizzard 
Pancreas 
Duodenum - 
Caeca, -M Large Intestine 
Large Intestine 
Ureter 
Oviduct 
Cloaca 
Anus ^ 
Fig. 111.— Digestive Apparatus of Fowl. 
other means of reducing it. This means is provided for them 
in their stomach. In the tribes whose food is of such a 
nature as to require being moistened before it is rubbed down, 
and especially in those which feed upon grains, the oesopha¬ 
gus has a pouch-like dilatation, termed the crop or craw 
(fig. Ill) j in this it is retained, and exposed to the action 
