SIZE OF BRAIN :—FACIAL ANGLE. 
549 
almost all those persons who have been eminent for the 
amount of their acquirements, or for the influence they have 
obtained by their talents for command over their fellow-men, 
have had large brains : this was the case, for example, with 
Newton, Cuvier, and Napoleon. 
719. The size of the brain, and especially of its anterior 
lobes (which seem particularly connected with the higher 
reasoning powers), as compared with that of the face, may be 
estimated pretty correctly by the measurement of the facial 
angle; as proposed by Camper, an eminent Dutch naturalist. 
This is done by drawing a horizontal line (cd, figs. 291 and 
292), between the entrance to the 
ear and the floor of the nose, so as 
to pass in the direction of the base 
of the skull; this is met by another 
line (a, b) which passes from the 
most prominent part of the forehead 
to the front of the upper jaw. It is 
evident that this last will he more 
inclined to the former, so as to make . 
a more acute angle with it, in pro¬ 
portion as the face is more developed and the forehead more 
retreating; whilst it will approach more nearly to a right angle, 
if the forehead be prominent, and the muzzle project but little. 
Hence this facial angle will indicate, with tolerable correct¬ 
ness, the proportion which the brain bears to the face,—the 
instrument of intelligence, to the receptacle of the organs 
of sense. 
720. Of all animals, there are none in which the facial 
angle is so open as in Man; and great variations exist 
in this respect, even among the a 
different human races. Thus, in 
European heads, the angle is usually 
about 80° (fig. 291). The ancient 
Greeks, in those statues of Deities 
and Heroes to which they wished 
to give the appearance of the greatest 
intellectual power, made it 90°, or 
even more, by the projection they 
gave to the forehead. On the other 
hand, in the Negro races, it is commonly about 70° (fig. 292); 
