TWO PRINCIPAL MODES OF REPRODUCTION. 553 
Mosses, and Hepaticae, as well also the “ zoospores ” of Algae, 
belong to the same class of reproductive bodies. The gemmae 
of Phanerogamia may be developed in connexion with the 
parent structure, and may continue to form a part of it; or 
they may be removed from it (as in the processes of budding, 
grafting, &c.), and may be developed into new individuals.— 
On the other hand, the bodies of the second class are known 
as seeds among Flowering Plants ; among the Cryptogamia 
they present a variety of forms. Prom the very first, these 
are destined to produce new individuals ; and although they 
are often assisted in the early stage of their development by 
the parent, they are its true offspring, rather than (like 
gemmae) extensions of itself. Both these modes of Reproduc¬ 
tion, namely, gemmation and sexual generation, exist in the 
Animal Kingdom; but the former is confined to its lower 
tribes, among which we often find it exercised in very remark¬ 
able modes. 
Gemmiparous or Non-Sexual Reproduction. 
725. Among Infusoria (§ 133) we find the process of gem¬ 
mation, or of fission, which is a modification of it, to be almost 
the only ostensible means of propagation which the beings 
composing that wonderful group possess. The former may be 
continually witnessed by the microscopic observer in the 
common Vorticella , a bell-shaped animalcule attached by a stalk 
Fig. 295.— Various forms of Animalcules, some of them undergoing spon¬ 
taneous fission. 
(fig. 295, a , a ), and abundant in almost every pool in which 
aquatic vegetables grow, especially clustering around the stems 
of Duckweed; and its various stages closely resemble those 
